IC-N 


lommittee  of  Revision  and  Publica- 
tion of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States  of  America:  1890-1900. 


ALKALOIDAL  ESTIMATION: 


A  BIBLIOGRAPHICAL   INDEX    OF   CHEMICAL  RESEARCH 

PREPARED     FROM     ORIGINAL     LITERATURE 

FOR  THE  COMMITTEE  OF  REVISION 


PAUL  I.  MURRILL 


UNDER    THE    DIRECTION    OF 


ALBERT  B.  PRESCOTT. 


PUBLISHED   BY  THE  COMMITTEE  OF  REVISION 


ANN  ARBOR. 
1898. 


[THIS    PAMPHLET  IS  NOT  FOR  SALE.] 


LIBRARY 

OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

GIFT    OF 

W,B.  RISING 

Class 


Committee  of  Revision  and  Publica- 
tion of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States  of  America:  1890-1900. 


ALKALOIDAL  ESTIMATION: 


A  BIBLIOGRAPHICAL   INDEX   OF   CHEMICAL  RESEARCH 

PREPARED     FROM     ORIGINAL     LITERATURE 

FOR  THE  COMMITTEE  OF  REVISION 

BY 

:PAUL  I.  MURRILL 


UNDER    THE    DIRECTION    OF 


ALBERT  B.  PRESCOTT. 


PUBLISHED   BY  THE  COMMITTEE  OF  REVISION, 


ANN  ARBOR. 
1898. 


[THIS    PAMPHLET  IS  NOT  FOR  SALE.] 


ANN  ARBOR: 
THE  INLAND  PRESS. 


BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  INDEX  OF   ALKALOIDAL  ESTIMA- 
TION. 

1877-1897. 

The  object  of  this  work  is  to  furnish  a  descriptive  index  of  the 
work  that  has  been  done  on  the  subject,  rather  than  to  abstract  or 
summarize  it. 

For  convenience,  as  large  a  list  of  references  is  given  for  each 
article  as  is  practicable,  the  first  referring  to  the  original  publication, 
and  the  others  to  republications  or  abstracts.  In  preparing  it,  the 
following  publications  have  been  examined  up  to  the  end  of  1897 : 

Journal  of  the  Chemical  Society,  London. 

Chemisches  Centralblatt. 

American  Journal  of  Pharmacy. 

Proceedings  of  the  American  Pharmaceutical  Association. 

Proceedings  of  the  Michigan  State  Pharmaceutical  Asso- 
ciation. 

Jahresbericht  der  Pharmacie  (ending  with  '95). 

Repertoire  de  Pharmacie. 

Also, 

Lyon's  Manual  of  Pharmaceutical  Assaying  (1886). 
DragendorfFs  Chemische  Werthbestimmung  einiger  stark- 

wirkender  Droguen,  (1874). 
Guareschi,  Einfuhrung   in  das   studium    der    Alkaloide, 

Kunz-Krause's  translation,  (1896). 

Other  periodicals  to  which  references  are  given  are  the  follow- 
ing : 

American  Druggist. 

Analyst,  (London.) 

Annalen  der  Chemie  (Liebig). 

Archiv  der  Pharmazie. 

Archives  de  Medecine  et  de  Pharmacie  militaires. 

Apotheker-Zeitung. 


237438 


ALKALOIDAL  ESTIMATION. 

Berichte  der  deutschen  chemischen  Gesellschaft. 

Berichte  der  deutschen  pharmaceutischen  Gesellschaft. 

Bulletin  de  la  Societe  chimique  de  Paris. 

Chemist  and  Druggist. 

Chemical  News. 

Chemiker-Zeitung. 

Comptes  rendues  des  Seances  de  1' Academic  des  Sciences. 

Dingler's  Polytechnisches  Journal. 

Dorpat  Dissertations. 

Druggists'  Bulletin. 

Druggists'  Circular. 

Ephemeris  (Squibb). 

Festschr.  50-jahrigen  Stiftungsfeier  des  Schweiz.      Apot. 

Ver. 

Fortschritt  (Der),  or  Le  Progrds,  (Geneva.) 
Gazzetta  chimica  italiana. 
Helfenberger  Annalen. 
Journal  de  Pharmacie  et  de  Chimie. 
Journal  fur  praktische  Chemie. 
Journal  of  the  American  Chemical  Society. 
Journal  of  Analytical  and  Applied  Chemistry. 
Journal  of  the  Society  of  Chemical  Industry. 
Zhurnal  russkova  chimicheskova. 
Mitteil.  pharm.  Inst.  Lab.  Erlangen. 
New  Remedies. 

Nederl.  Tijdschrift  voor  Pharmacie,  etc. 
Oesterreichisches  Zeitschrift  fur  Pharmacie. 
L'Orosi  (Florence). 
Pharmaceutical  Era. 

Pharmaceutical  Journal  and  Transactions. 
Pharmaceutical  Record. 
Pharmaceutische  Centralhalle. 
Pharmaceutische  Post. 
Pharmaceutische  Rundschau. 
Pharmaceutische  Zeitung. 
Pharmaceutische  Zeitschrift  fiir  Russland. 


ALKALOIDAL  ESTIMATION.  Hi 

Recueil  des  Travaux  chimiques  des  Pays-Bas. 

Eepertorium  der  analytischen  Chemie. 

Repertorium  der  Pharmacie. 

Revue  Internationale  scientif.  et  popul.  des  falsific  des  den- 

rees,  aliment. 
Rundschau    fiir   die   Interessen    der   Pharmacie,    Chemie, 

u.  s.  w. 

Schweizerische  Wochenscrift  fiir  Pharmacie. 
Transactions  of  the  Academy  of  Science  at  St.  Louis. 
L'Union  pharmaceutique  (Paris). 
Vierteljschr.  Fortschr.  Chem.  Nahrungsm. 
Zeitschrift  des  Osterreich.  Apot.  Ver. 
Zeitschrift  fiir  analytische  Chemie. 
Zeitschrift  fiir  physiologische  chemie. 
Zeitschrift  fiir  Hygiene. 
Year  Book  of  Pharmacy.     London. 

Abbreviations  used  are  those  of  Bolton's  "  Bibliography  of 
Chemistry,"  as  far  as  possible.  Others  are  believed  to  be  self-ex- 
planatory. 

References  have  been  verified  as  far  as  practicable,  and  fully 
wherever  any  doubt  has  arisen  in  regard  to  possible  errors. 


ALKALOIDAL  ESTIMATION. 


PAET  I.— CHRONOLOGICAL  INDEX. 

1861:     WAGNER.      Method    of    separation,    using    iodo-potassium 
iodide. 

Dingler's  Polyt.  J.  161,  40;  Ztschr.  anal.  Chem.  1,  102; 
Lyons'  Manual,  p.  33. 

1864:     GROVES,  T.  B.     Methods  of  separation  and  purification  of 
alkaloids. 

Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (2),  6,  275;  Lyons'  Manual,  p.  33. 

1872:     (1)     ZINOFFSKY.      Estimation  of    alkaloids   with   Mayer's 

volumetric  reagent. 
Dissert.  Dorpat.  1872;  Chem.  Werthbest,  p.  8. 

1872:     (2)     CARLES.     Estimation  of  quinine. 

Bull.  Soc.  chim.  18,  98;    Guareschi,  Einf.  Stud.  Alk.  1896, 
p.  521. 

1874:     (1)     ZINOFFSKY.    Volumetric  estimation  coniine  with  phos- 
phomolybdic  acid. 

Chem.  Werthbest,  p.  44;  Guareshi.  Einf.  Stud.  Alk.,  p. 
283. 

1874:     (2)     DRAGENDORFF.        Estimation    of    strychnine,   gravi- 
metric. 

Chem.  Werthbest.  p.  61;  Lyons'  Manual,  p.  112. 

1876:     (1)     SOKOLOFF,  N.     Estimation  of  coniine,  alkalimetric. 
Ghem.  Centrbl.  1876,  604;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  32,  368. 

1876:     (2)     MARKOWNIKOFF,  B.  W.     Estimation  of  caffeine  in  tea. 
Ber.  d  chem.  Ges.  9,  1312;   J.  Chem.  Soc.  81,  110. 

1876:     (3)     LYNN,  J.       Morphine       estimation;      comparison     of 
methods. 

A.    J.  Pharm.    48,    358;    Chem.   Centrbl.  1878,  158;  J. 
Chem,  Soc.  34,  612. 


2  ALKALOIDAL  ESTIMATION. 

1877 :     (1 )     BLYTH,  A.  W.     Estimation  of  caffeine  in  tea. 
Analyst.  2,  39;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  32,  517. 

1877:     (2)     CAZENEUVE  AND  CAILLOL.     Extraction  and  estimation 
of  piperiue  in  pepper. 

Bull.  Soc.  Chim.  (2)  27,  290;  J.  Chem.  Sec.  32,  516. 
Chem.  Centrbl.  1877,  343; 

1877:     (3)     MASING,  E.    Estimation    of    veratrine  and  physostig- 
mine,  with  Mayers'  reagent. 

Arch.  Pharm.  (3)  9,  310;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  32,  367. 

1877:     (4)     TESCHEMACHEK,   E.  F.     Estimation   of  morphine  in 
opium. 

Chem.  News,  35,  47;  Proc.  A.  Ph.  A.  1877,  299;  J. 
Chem.  Soc.  32,  231;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1877,  299. 

1877:     (5)     PRESCOTT,  A.  B.     Gravimetric  estimation  of    quinin, 
by  potassium  mercuric  iodide  and  by  phospho-molybdate. 
Am.  J.  Pharm.  49,  482. 

1878:     (1)     PRESCOTT  AND  THUM.     Comparison   of    methods    for 
separation  and  estimation  of  the  cinchona  alkaloids. 
Proc.  A.  Ph.  A.  1878,  828, 

1878:     (2)     HEINTZ,  E.     Modification  of  Stas' method  for  extrac- 
tion of  alkaloids,  using  white  bole,  or  quartz  sand. 

Ztschr  anal.  Chem.  1878,  166;  New  Rem.  1878,  200; 
Proc.  A.  Ph.  A.,  1879,  478. 

1878:     (3)     SCHRAGE,  F.     Separation   of  the  cinchona   alkaloids, 
using  potassium  sulphocyanide. 

Arch.  Pharm.  (3)  13,  25;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1878,  582. 

-   1878:     (4)     DRAGENDORFF.       Extraction    of    theobromine    from 
cacao. 

Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1878,  493. 

1878:     (5)     DWARS.     Estimation  of  quinine  in  salts. 

Nieuw  Tijds.  Pharm.  1878,  267;  Arch.  Pharm.  (3)  14, 
149  and  329;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1879,  427  and  428;  J. 
Chem.  Soc.  36,  488  and  492;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1878,  471. 

1879:     (1)     DWARS.     Separation  of  quinine  and  strychnine. 
Arch.  Pharm.  (3)  15,  463;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1880,  78. 


ALKALOID AL    ESTIMATION.  3 

1879:     (2)     YVON.     Polariscopic  estimation  of  morphine  and  opium. 

J.  Pharm.  Chim.  (4)  29,  332;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1879,  363. 
Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1879,  185. 

1879:     (3)     PRUNIER,  L.     Estimation  of  cinchona  alkaloids. 
J.  Pharm.  Chim.  (4)  29,  135;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  36,  489. 

1879:     (4)     WOLFRAM,  G.     Estimation  of  theobromine  in  cacao  and 
chocolate. 

Dingl.  Polyt.  J.  230,  240;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  36,  406;  Chem. 
Centrbl.  1879,  40. 

1879:     (5)     L(3scH,  A.     Quantitative  estimation    of    alkaloids  in 
plants. 

Pharm.  Ztg.,  1879,  89;  Apoth.-Ztg.,  1898,  15;  Pharm. 
Ztschr.  Russ.  18,  545;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1879,  165. 

1879:.   (6)     LO*SCH,  A.     Methods  of  extractions  of  alkaloids  using 
saturated  alum  solution. 

Pharm.  Ztg.  1879,  No.  87;  Am.  J.  Pharm.  1880, 16;  Lyons' 
Manual,  p.  18;  Phar.  Ztschr.  Russ.  18,  545;  Arch. 
Pharm.  16,  317;  Rep.  de  Pharm.  1880,  261. 

1879:     (7)     PETIT,   A.     Rapid  estimation  of  morphine  in  opium. 

J.  Pharm.  Chim.  (4)  29,  159;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1879,  363; 
Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (3)  9,  937.  Rep.  de  Pharm.  1879,  100. 

1879:     (8)     FLEURY,  G.      Estimation  of  morphine  in  opium. 

J.  Pharm.    Chim.  (4),  29,  341;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1879,  363. 

1879:     (9)     FLUECKIGER,  F.  A.     Estimation  of  morphine,  gravi- 
metric. 

Pharm.  Ztg.  1879,  Nos.  57,  59,  and  74;  Pharm.  J.  Trans. 
(3)  10,254;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1879,  183. 

1879:     (10) .     Estimation  of    quinine  in  cinchona 

bark.     Extraction  and  titratiou. 

Chem.  News  40,  209;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  38,  190. 

1879:     (11)     PRESCOTT,  A.  B.     Modification   of  the  Hager- Jacob- 
son  method  of  estimation  of  morphine  in  opium. 

Proc.  Am.  Ph.  A.  1879,  807;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1879,  186; 
Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (3)  10,  66,  128,  and  182;  J.  Chem. 
Soc.  38,  191  and  193. 


4  ALKALOID AL    ESTIMATION. 

1880:     (1)     PRESCOTT,  A.  B.    Estimation  of  alkaloids  by  potassium 
mercuric  iodide. 

Am.  Chem.  J.  1880,  2,  294;  Ber.  d.  Chem.  Ges.  14,  1421; 
J.  Soc.  42,  646;  Chem.  News  45,  114  and  123;  Proc. 
Am.  Ph.  A.  1882;  399. 

1880:     (2)     THRESH,  J.   C.     Volumetric  estimation  by  means  of 
bismuth  potassium  iodide. 

Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (3)  10,  809,  and  825;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1880, 
156;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  38,  763. 

1880:     (3)     PATRONOUILLARD.     Estimation  of  caffeine  in  tea. 

Schweiz.  Wochens.  1880,  No.  15;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1880, 
427;  Rep.  de  Pharm.  1880,  52. 

1880:     (4)     HAGER.     Recognition  and  analytical  determination  of 
cinchona  alkaloids. 

Pharm.  Centralh.  21,  411;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1881-2,  673. 

1880:     (5)     HILBIG,  C.     Estimation  of  alkaloids  in  cinchona  bark. 

Pharm.  Ztschr.  Russ.  19,  289  and  481;  Chem.  Centrbl. 
1880,  551  and  713. 

1880:     (6)     DE  VRIJ.     Estimation  of  quinine  as  herapatbite. 

Am.  J.  Pharm.  1880,  394;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1881-2,  670;  Rep. 
de  Pharm.  1880,  485. 

1880:     (7)     HESSE,  O.     The  officinal  test  of  quinine. 

Ber.  d.  chem.  Ges.  13, 1517;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  40,  63. 

1880:     (8)     KERNER,  G.     Testing  commercial  quinine  sulphate  for 
for  foreign  alkaloids. 

Arch.  Pharm.  (3)  16,  186;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  40,  63. 

1880:     (9)     MYLIUS,  E.     Opium  testing. 

Arch.  Pharm.  (3)  15,  310;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  38,  829. 

1880 :     (10)     SCHMITT,  E.     Assay  of  opium. 

J.  des  Sci.  Med.  de  Lille, ;  Rep.  de  Pharm.  1880, 

442. 

1880:     (11)     ROTHER.     Assay  of  opium. 

Am.  J.  Pharm.  9,  541;  Arch.  Pharm.  17,  75;  Rep  de 
Pharm.  1880,  417. 


ALKALOIDAL  ESTIMATION.  5 

1881:     (1)     PORTES  and  LANGLOIS.    Kapid  estimation  of  morphine 
in  opium. 

J.  Pharm.  Chim.  (5),  4,  (December  '81);  Rep.  de  Pharm. 
1882,  100;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1882,  60. 

1881:     (2)     HAGER.     Weighing  of  alkaloids  as  picrates. 

Pharm.  Centrbl.  1881,  399;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1881-2,  631; 
Am.  J.  Pharm.  1882,  58,  Proc.  A.  Ph.  A.  1882,  399. 

1881:     (3)     SKALWEIT,  J.     Estimation  of  nicotine  in  tobacco,  volu- 
metric. 

Arch.  Pharm.  1881,  36;  Rep.  anal.  Chem.  1,  165  and  303; 
Chem.  Centrbl.  1881,  476  and  772;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  42, 
108;  Am.  J.  Pharm.  1882,  60;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1881-2, 
130  and  634;  Lyons'  Manual,  p.  132. 

1881:     (4)     PROLLIUS.     Estimation  of  alkaloids  in  cinchona  bark, 
gravimetric. 

Arch.  Pharm.  1881,  85;  Am.  J.  Pharm.  1882,  59;  Proc.  A. 
Ph.  A.  1882,  204;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  42, 246;  Chem.  Centrbl. 
1881,  773. 

1881:     (5)     SCHACHT,    C.      Estimation    of    alkaloids    in    wine   of 
quinine. 

Arch.  Pharm.  (3)  14,  81;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  40,  204. 

1881:     (6)     HESSE,  O.     Optical  estimation  of  cinchonidine  in  com- 
mercial quinine  sulphate. 

Ann.  d.  Chem.  205,  217;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  40,  315. 

1881 :     (7)     BLYTH,  A.  W.     Estimation  of  quinine,  volumetric  with 
Mayer's  reagent. 

Analyst.  1881,  162;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  40,  1176. 

1881:     (8)     EYKMAN.     Assay  of  cinchona. 
Arch.  Pharm.  1881,  814. 

1881:     (9)     POEHL.     Assay  of    Jaborandi   for   pilocarpine,  gravi- 
metric, using  sodium  phospho-molybdate. 

Year  Book,  1881,  28  and  141;  Lyon's  Manual,  p.  122. 

1881:     (10)     MYLIUS,  E.     Estimation  of  morphine  in  opium,  eolori- 
metric. 

Phar.  J.  Trans.  (3)  12,  6;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  40,  945;  Pharm. 
Centrbl.  1881,  97  and  105;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1881,  203; 
Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1881-2,  256;  1883-4,  339. 


6  ALKALOIDAL    ESTIMATION. 

1882:     (1)     SQUIBB,  E.  R.     Modification  of  Fliickiger's  process  for 
opium  essay. 

Ephemeris,  p.  14;  Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (3)  12,  724;  J.  Chem. 
Soc.  42,  666. 

1882:     (2)     DE  VRIJ.     Modification  of  Prollius'  method  for  estima- 
tion of  total  alkaloids  in  barks. 

Nieuwe  Tijds.  Pharm.  1882,  Jan. ;  J.  Pharm.  Chim.  (5)  6, 
36;  Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (3)  12,  765;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  42, 
665. 

1882:     (3)     DE  VRIJ,  J.  E.     Determination  of   quinine  as  hera- 
pathite. 

Am.  J  Pharm.  1882,  58;  Rand.  Int.  Pharm.  18«3,  557; 
Pharm.  Ztschr.  Russ.  1883,  613;  J.  Pharm.  Chim.  (5) 
o,  500;  Rep.  de  Pharm.  1882,  243. 

1882:     (4)     KISSEL.     Estimation  of  alkaloids  in  cinchona  barks. 

Pharm.  Central.  22,  556;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1882,  60;  J. 
Chem.  Soc.  42,  899. 

1882:     (5)     ALESSANDRI.      Assay    of    cinchona,    extracting    with 
oxalic  acid. 

Phar.  J.  Trans.  (3)  12,  994;  Proc.  A.  Ph.  A.  1882,  206;  J. 
Chem.  Soc.  42,  1003. 

1882:     (6)     BIEL,  J.     Estimation  of  alkaloids  of  cinchona  by  Prol- 
lius' method. 

Arch.  Pharm.  (3)  20,  350;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  42, 1139;  Pharm. 
Ztschr.  Russ.  1882;  Mar.  28;  J.  Pharm.  Chim.  (5)  6, 
37;  Rep.  de  Pharm.  1882,  371. 

1882:     (7)     MEYER,  H.     Estimation  of  cinchona  alkaloids. 

Arch.  Pharm.  (3)  20,  721  and  812;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  44,  388; 
Chem.  Centrbl.  1883,  200. 

1882:     (8)     SQUIBB.     Assays    of   cinchona,   extracting  with    amyl 
alcohol. 

Ephem.,  pp.  76,  105.  146;  Chem.  and  Drug.  1882,  327;  Rep. 
de  Pharm.  1882,  417. 

1882:     (9)     SKALWEIT,  J.     Estimation  of  nicotine. 

Arch.  Pharm.  (3)  20,  113;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  42,  1005. 


ALKALOIDAL  ESTIMATION.  7 

1882:     (10)     KISSLING,    R.     Estimation    of    nicotine  in    tobacco. 
Volumetric. 

Ztschr.  anal.  Chem.  21,  75  and  383;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  42, 
1005;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1881-2,  132;  Lyons'  Manual,  p. 
132;  Pharm.  Centrbl.  23,  81;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1882, 
252. 

1882 :     (1 1)     KISSLING,  R.    Estimation  of  nicotine  in  tobacco  smoke. 
Dingl.  Polyt.  J.  244,  64  and 234;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1882,571. 

1882:     (12)     GERRARD,  A.  W.     Estimation  of  atropine. 

Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (3)  13,  190;  Arch.  Pharm.  1883,  74; 
Apoth.  Ztg.  1898,  17. 

1882:     (13)     FAIRTHORNE.     Assay  of  cinchona. 

Am.  J.  Pharm.  1882,  548;  Rep.  de  Pharm.  1882,  545. 

1883:     (1)     HAGER.     Method  of  extraction. 

Handb.  d.  Pharm.  Praxis,  Supplement,  p.  62;  Lyon's 
Manual,  p.  19;  Apoth.  Ztg.  1898,  15. 

1883:     (2)     KISSLING,  R.     Estimation  of  nicotine  in  tobacco,  volu- 
metric. 

Ztschr.  anal.  Chem.  22,  2  and  199;  Arch.  Pharm.  (3)  21, 
525;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1883-4,  169;  1885, 168;  Chem.  Ztg. 
1885,  1336;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1883,  425. 

1883:     (3)     SHIMOYANA,  Y.     Estimation  of  cinchona  alkaloids. 
Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1883-4,  234. 

1883:     (4)     CONROY,  M.     Assay  of  nux  vomica,  tincture. 
Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (13)  14,  461. 

1883:     (5)     DUNSTAN  and  SHORT.     Assay  of  preparations  of  nux 
vomica. 

Pharm.  J.  Trans.  13,  665;  14,  441  and  621:  15,  156;  Year 
Book,  1883,  233  and  475;  1884,  274;  Am.  Drug.  1883, 
124;  Am.  J.  Pharm.  1883,  268;  Lyons'  Manual,  p.  116. 

1883:     (6)     DUNSTAN  and  SHORT.     Separation  of  strychnine  and 
brucine,  using  ferrocyanide. 

Pharm.  J.  Trans  (3)  14,  290;  Year  Book,  1883,  469;  Am. 
J.  Pharm.  1883,579;  Arch.  Pharm.  (3)22,40;  Pharm. 
Ztg.  1884,  No.  22;  Pharm.  Rund.  1883,  248;  Jsb.  d.. 
Pharm.  1883-4,  768;  Proc.  A.,  Ph.  A.,  1884,  312. 


8  ALKALOID AL   ESTIMATION. 

1883:     (7)     SCHEIBE,  E.     Separation  and  estimation  of  morphine 
in  chemico-legal  investigations. 

Pharm.  Ztschr.  Russl.  1883,  49;  Ber.  d.  chem.  Ges.  16, 
797:  Chem.  Centrbl.  1883,  332;  Arch.  Pharm.  (3)  21, 
290;  Chem.  News,  47,  217;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  44,  1036; 

and  46,  373. 

• 

1884:     (1)     CONROY,  M.     Estimation  of  morphine.     Modification 
of  the  method  of  Fortes  and  Langlois. 
Pharm.  J.  Trans.  15,  473. 

1884:     (2)     BERNHARDT,  W.     Estimation  of  morphine  in  opium. 

Pharm.   Post.   ;  Schweiz.   Wochens.  22,  95;  Chem. 

Centrbl.  1884,  479. 

1884:     (3)     VON  PERGER.     Assay  of  opium,  using  baryta  water, 
gravimetric. 

J.  Prakt.  Chem.  (2)  29,  97;  Ber.  d.  chem.  Ges.  17,  241,  R.; 
Chem.  Centrbl.  1884,  479  and  684;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  46, 
1217;  Bull.  Soc.  Chim.  1885,  1,  43;  Pharm.  J.  Trans. 
15,  384;  Lyons'  Manual,  p.  119. 

1884:     (4)     SQUIBB.     Assay  of  coca. 
Ephemeris,  p.  603. 

1884:     (5)     SQUIBB.     Assay  of  tea,  coffee,  and  guarana. 
Ephemeris,  pp.  606,  614,  616,  637,  641,  644. 

1884:     (6)     LYONS.     Three  general  assay  processes. 
Drug.  Cir.  1884,  114;  Lyons'  Manual,  p.  20. 

1884:     (7)     DUNSTAN  and  RANSOM.     Assay  of  belladonna. 

Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (13)  14,  623;  Lyons'  Manual,  p.  56;  Am. 
J.  Pharm.  1884,  279;  Proc.  A.  Ph.  A.  1884,  134. 

1884:     (8)     REDWORD.     Assay  of  belladonna. 

Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (3),  14,  623;  Pharm.  Ztg.  1884,  230; 
Apoth.  Ztg.  1898,  17. 

1885:     (1)     DUNSTAN  and  RANSOM.     Assay  of  belladonna. 

Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (3),  16,  154  and  237;  Pharm.  Ztg.  1885, 
813;  Apoth.  Ztg.  1898,  17;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  50,  104; 
Lyons'  Manual,  p.  56;  Am.  J.  Pharm.  1885,  582;  Am. 
Drug.  1885,  217;  Proc.  A.  Ph.  A.  1886,  392. 

1885:     (2)     COBLENTZ.     Assay  of  belladonna. 

Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (3)  16,  89;  Arch.  Pharm.  1885,  897;  Proc. 
A.  Ph.  A.  1886,  393;  Apoth.  Ztg.  1898,  17:  Am.  Drug. 
1885,  126. 


ALKALOIDAL    ESTIMATION.  9 

1885:     (3)     SQUIBB.     Assay  of  belladonna  leaves. 

Ephemeris,  pp.  848,  854,  859;  Lyons'  Manual,  p.  57. 

1885:     (4)     SQUIBB.     Assay  of  coca. 

Ephemeris,  pp.  726,  784,  788,  795,  871. 

1885:     (5)     SCHEFFER,    E.      Estimation    of    nicotine  in  tobacco, 
volumetric  with  Mayer's  reagent. 

Am.  J.  Pharm.  56,  No.  10;  Arch.  Pharm.  (3),  23,  153  and 
852;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1885,  372;  Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (3) 
15,  425;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  48,  604. 

1885:     (6)     DE  VRIJ.     Estimation  of  quinine  as  oxalate. 

Arch.  Pharm.  (3),  23,  209;  Pharm.  Ztg.  1885,319;  Pharm. 
Rund.  1885,  132;  Rund.  Int.  Pharm.  1885,  314;  Jsb.  d. 
Pharm.  1885,  352. 

1885:     (7)     DE  VRIJ.     Quantitative  estimation  of  cinchonidine  in 
quinine  sulphate. 

Am.  Drug.  1885,  153;  Pharm.  Centralb.  1885,  547;  Arch- 
Pharm.  (3)  23,  442;  Pharm.  Rund.  1885,  97;  Rund- 
Int.  Phar.  1885,  756;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1885,  354. 

1885:     (8)     DE  VRIJ.     Assay  of  quinine  sulphate. 

Jour.  Pharm.  (5)  9,  454;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1885,  968;  J. 
Chem  Soc.  48,  302;  50,  397. 

1885:     (9)     DE  VRIJ.     Assay  of  cinchona. 

Am.  J.  Pharm.  1885,  623;  Chem.  and  Drug.  1885,  431; 
Proc.  Am.  Ph.  A.  1885;  219. 

1885:     (10)     SHIMOYANA,  Y.     Estimation  of  cinchona   alkaloids. 
Herapathite  method. 

Arch.  Pharm.  23,  81,  and  209;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  48,  845; 
Lyons'  Manual,  p.  71;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1885,  351;  1886, 
302;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1885,  393. 

1885:     (11)     LLOYD,  J.  U.     Estimation  of  berberine,  gravimetric. 
Drug.  Circ.  1885,  22;  Lyons'  Manual,  p.  101. 

1885:     (12)     LYONS.     Modification    of    DragendorfFs   method  for 
estimation  of  emetine,  titrating  with  Mayer's  reagent. 

Am.  J.  Pharm.  1885,  pp.  531,  540,  and  579;  Pharm  Ztg. 
1885,  994;  Proc.  Am.  Ph.  A.  1886,  422;  Lyons'  Manual, 
p.  108;  Proc.  Mich.  S.  Ph.  A.  1885,  185. 


10  ALKALOIDAL  ESTIMATION. 

1885:     (13)     LYONS,  A.  B.     Assay  of  nux  voraica. 

Proc.  Mich.  S.  Ph.  A.  1885,  172;  Drug.  Circ.  1885,  253; 
1886,  137. 

1885:  (14)  SCHWEISSINGER.  Separation  of  strychnine  and  bra- 
cine,  or  estimation  of  strychnine  in  presence  of  brucine 
(double  titration). 

Arch.  Pharm.  1885,  611;  Am.  Druggist,  1885,230;  Proc. 
Am.  Ph.  A.  1886,  407;  Lyons'  Manual,  116. 

1885:  (15)  LALIEN.  Separation  of  a  morphine  salt  from  a  mix- 
ture. 

J.  Pharm.  d'Anv.  1885,  6;  Arch.  Pharm.  (3)  23,  512;Chem. 
Centrbl.  1885,  389. 

1885:  (16)  WAINWRIGHT,  J.  H.  Estimation  of  morphine  in 
opium,  gravimetric.  U.  S.  Custom  House  method. 

J.  Am.  Chem.  Soc  7,  48;  Ber.  18,  303  R.;  Chem.  Centrbl. 
1885,  412;  Pharm.  J.  Trans.  15,  990;  Lyons'  Manual, 
p.  118. 

1885:     (17)     FLUECKIGER,  F.  A.     Assay  of  opium,  gravimetric. 

Arch.  Pharm.  1885,  254  and  265;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  48, 1165; 
Ber.  18,  651,  R.;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1885,523;  Am.  Drug. 
1885,  149;  Lyons'  Mauual,  p.  120. 

1885:     (18)     DIETERICH,  E.     Estimation  of  morphine  in  opium. 

Arch.  Pharm.  24,  1023;  Pharm.  Centrbl.  27,  529;  Jsb.  d. 
Pharm.  1885,  109;  1886,  70;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  52,  310. 

1885:     (19)     BRITISH  PHARMACOPOEIA.     Assay  of  cinchona. 

Br.  Pharm.  1885,  p.  111.     [See  1898  (4).] 

FOR  QUININE  AND  CINCHONIDINE. — Mix  200  grains  of  red  cinchona  bark, 
in  No.  60  powder,  with  60  grs.  of  calcium  hydrate;  slightly  moisten  the 
powders  with  half  an  ounce  of  water;  mix  the  whole  intimately  in  a 
small  porcelain  dish  or  mortar;  allow  the  moisture  to  stand  for  an  hour 
or  two.  when  it  will  present  the  characters  of  a  moist  dark  brown  pow- 
der, in  which  there  should  be  no  lumps  or  visible  white  particles.  Trans- 
fer this  powder  to  a  six  ounce  flask,  add  three  fluid-ounces  of  benzolated 
amyl  alcohol,  boil  them  together  for  about  half  an  hour,  decant  and 
drain  off  the  liquid  onto  a  filter,  leaving  the  powder  in  the  flask;  add 
more  of  the  benzolated  amyl  alcohol  to  the  powder,  boil  and  decant  as 
before,  and  repeat  the  operation  a  third  time;  then  turn  the  contents  of 
the  flask  on  to  the  filter,  and  wash  by  percolation  with  more  of  the  ben- 
zolated amyl  acohol  until  the  bark  is  exhausted.  If,  during  the  boiling 


ALKALOIDAL  ESTIMATION.  11 

a  funnel  be  placed  in  the  mouth  of  the  flask,  and  another  flask  of  cold 
water  be  placed  in  the  funnel,  this  will  form  a  convenient  condenser 
which  will  prevent  the  loss  of  more  than  a  small  quantity  of  the  boiling 
liquid.  Introduce  the  collected  filtrate  while  still  warm  into  a  stoppered 
glass  separator;  add  to  it  20  minims  of  diluted  hydrochloric  acid,  mixed 
with  two  fluid  drachms  of  water;  shake  them  well  together,  and  when 
the  acid  liquid  has  separated  it  may  be  drawn  off,  and  the  process 
repeated  with  distilled  water  slightly  acidulated  with  hydrochloric  acid, 
until  the  whole  of  the  alkaloids  have  been  removed.  The  acid  liquid 
thus  obtained  will  contain  the  alkaloids  as  hydrochlorates,  with  excess 
of  acid  It  is  to  be  carefully  and  exactly  neutralized  with  ammonia  while 
warm,  and  then  concentrated  to  the  bulk  of  three  fluid  drachms.  If 
now  about  15  grs.  of  tartarated  soda  (sodium  potassium  tartrate)  be 
added  to  the  neutral  hydrochlorates,  and  the  mixture  stirred  with  a  glass 
rod,  insoluble  tartrates  of  quinine  and  cinchonidine  will  separate  com- 
pletely in  about  an  hour;  and  these  collected  on  a  filter,  washed  and 
dried,  will  contain  eight-tenths  of  their  weight  of  the  alkaloids  quinine 
and  cinchonidine,  which,  divided  by  2,  represents  the  percentage  of  those 
alkaloids.  The  other  alkaloids  will  be  left  in  the  mother-liquor. 

FOR  TOTAL  ALKALOIDS. — To  the  mother-liquor  from  the  preceding 
process  add  solution  of  ammonia  in  slight  excess.  Collect,  wash,  and 
dry  the  precipitate,  which  will  contain  the  other  alkaloids.  The  weight 
of  this  precipitate,  divided  by  2,  and  added  to  the  percentage  weight  of 
the  quinin  and  cinchonidine,  gives  the  percentage  of  total  alkaloids. 

1885:     (20)     BRITISH  PHARMACOPOEIA.     Assay  of  extract  of  nux 
vomica. 

Br.  Pharm.  1885,  p.  163.     [See  1898:  (6).] 

Dissolve  10  grains  of  the  extract  in  half  a  fluid  ounce  of  water,  heat- 
ing gently  if  necessary,  and  add  a  drachm  of  sodium  carbonate  pre- 
viously dissolved  in  half  a  fluid  ounce  of  water  and  half  a  fluid  ounce  of 
chloroform,  agitate,  warm  gently,  and  separate  the  chloroform.  Add  to 
this  half  a  fluid  ounce  of  dilute  sulphuric  acid,  with  an  equal  bulk  of 
water;  again  agitate,  warm  and  separate  the  acid  liquor  from  the  chloro- 
form. To  this  acid  liquor  add  now  an  excess  of  ammonia,  and  agitate 
with  half  a  fluid  ounce  of  chloroform;  when  the  liquors  have  separated, 
transfer  the  chloroform  to  a  weighed  dish,  and  evaporate  the  chloroform 
over  a  water  bath.  Dry  residue  for  an  hour,  and  weigh. 

1885:     (21)     BRITISH  PHARMACOPOEIA.     Assay  of  opium. 

Br.  Pharm.  1885,  p.  296.     [See  1898:  (7).] 

Triturate  together  in  a  mortar  140  grains  dried  powdered  opium,  60 
grains  freshly  slaked  lime,  and  400  grain-measures  of  distilled  water, 

2 


12  ALKALOIDAL  ESTIMATION. 

until  a  uniform  mixture  results;  then  add  1,000  grain-measures  of  dis- 
tilled water,  and  stir  occasionally  during  half  an  hour.  Filter  the  mix- 
ture through  a  plaited  filter  about  3  in.  in  diameter  into  a  wide  mouthed 
bottle  or  stoppered  flask  (having  the  capacity  of  about  6  fluid  ounces, 
and  marked  exactly  at  1,040  grain-measures)  until  the  filtrate  reaches 
this  mark.  To  the  filtered  liquid  (representing  100  grains  of  opium)  add 
100  grain-measures  of  rectified  spirit,  and  500  grain-measures  of  ether, 
and  shake  the  mixture;  then  add  the  chloride  of  ammonium,  shake  well 
and  frequently  during  half  an  hour,  and  set  it  aside  for  twelve  hours- 
Counterbalance  two  small  filters;  place  one  within  the  other  in  a  small 
funnel,  and  decant  the  ethereal  layer  as  completely  as  possible  upon  the 
inner  filter.  Add  200  grain-measures  of  ether  to  the  contents  of  the 
bottle  and  rotate  it;  again  decant  the  ethereal  layer  upon  the  filter,  and 
afterwards  wash  the  latter  with  100  grain-measures  of  ether  slowly  added 
and  in  small  portions.  Now  let  the  filter  dry  in  the  air. and  pour  upon  it 
the  liquid  in  the  bottle  in  portions,  in  such  a  way  as  to  transfer  the 
greater  portion  of  the  crystals  to  the  filter.  When  the  liquid  has  passed 
through  the  filter,  wash  the  bottle  and  transfer  the  remaining  crystals 
to  the  filter,  with  several  small  portions  of  distilled  water,  using  not 
much  more  than  200  grain-measures  in  all,  and  distributing  the  portions 
evenly  upon  the  filter.  Allow  the  filter  to  drain,  and  dry  it,  first  by 
pressing  between  sheets  of  bibulous  paper,  and  afterwards  at  a  tempera- 
ture between  131°  and  140°  F.  (55°  and  60°  C),  and  finally  at  194°  to  212°  F. 
(96°  to  100°  C.)  Weigh  the  crystals  in  the  inner  filter,  counter-balancing 
by  the  other  filter.  The  crystals  should  weigh  ten  grains  (not  less  than 
9|  nor  more  than  10i),  corresponding  to  about  10  per  cent,  of  morphine  in 
the  dry  powdered  opium. 

1886:     (1)     HERETH,  F.  S.     Method  of  titratioii  with  Mayers'  re- 
agent. 

Pharm.  Record  1886,  p.  209;  Am.  J.  Pharm.  1887,  2; 
Lyons'  Manual,  p.  29;  Ztschr.  anal.Chem.  26,647;  J. 
Chem.  Soc.  54,  203. 

1886:     (2)     SCHEIBLER.       Method   of   purification    of    alkaloids, 
using  phosphotungstic  acid. 
Lyons'  Manual,  p.  33. 

1886:     (3)     LYONS,  A.  B.     Estimation  of  berberine,  colorimetric. 
Lyons'  Manual,  p.  102. 

1886:     (4)     LYONS,  A.  B.     Estimation  of  hydrastine,  gravimetric. 
Lyons'  Manual,  p.  104. 


ALKALOIDAL  ESTIMATION.  13 

1886:     (5)     LYONS,  A.  B.     Estimation  of  physostigmine  (eserine) 
gravimetric. 

Lyons'  Manual,  p.  122. 

1886:     (6)     LYONS,  A.  B.     Approximate  estimation  of  strychnine, 
gravimetric. 

Lyons'  Manual,  p.  113. 

1886:     (7)     LYONS,  A.  B.     Volumetric  estimation  of  various  alka- 
loids with  Mayers'  reagent. 

Am.  J.  Pharm.  1886,  579;  1887,  1;  Proc.  Mich.  S.  Ph.  A. 

1886,  167;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1887,  369;  Proc.  Am.  Ph.  A. 

1887,  303;  Lyons'  Manual,  p.  23. 

1886:     (8)     LYONS,  A.  B.     Estimation    of    cocaine  with  Mayers' 
reagent. 

Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (3)  16,  1094;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  50,  1087. 

1886:     (9)     LYONS,  A.  B.      Assay   of    cinchona,    modification    of 
Prollius'  method. 

Drug.  Circ.  1886,  150. 

1886:     (10)     HOOPER,  D.     Optical  method  of  analysis  of  quinine 
sulphate. 

Pharm.  J.  Trans.  17,  61;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  50,  1086. 

1886:     (11)     KASPAR.     Assay  of  cinchona. 

Schweiz.  Wochens. ;  Am.  J.  Pharm.  1886, 

492;  Proc.  Am.  Ph.  A.  1887,  138. 

1886:     (12)     DE  VRIJ.     Estimation  of  quinine  as  chromate. 
Arch.  Pharm.  (3),  24,  1073;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  52,  404. 

1886:     (13)     SNOW,  H.  W.     Estimation  of  caffeine,  gravimetric. 

Am.   J.  Phar.  1886,  483;    Proc.  Am.  Ph.  A.  1886,   107; 
Lyons'  Manual,  p.  97. 

1886:     (14)     BRAITHWAITE  and  FARR.     Estimation  of  morphine  in 
opium. 

Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (3)  17,  398;  Proc.  Am.  Ph.  A.  1887,  312. 

1886:     (15)     VENTURINI,  V.     Comparison  of   methods  of  estima- 
tion of  morphine  in  opium. 

Gaz.  chim.  ital.  16,  239;  Ber.  de  chem.  Ges.  19,  882,  R.; 
J.  Chem.  Soc.  50,  1086. 


14  A.LKALOIDAL  ESTIMATION. 

1886:     (16)     JONES,  H.  W.     Estimation  of  emetine. 

Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (3)  17,  277;  Pharm.  Ztg.  1886,  638;  J. 
Chem.  Soc.  50,  1086. 

1886:     (17)     FLUECKIGER.     Assay  of  ipecac. 
Pharm.  Ztg.  1886,  30. 

1886:  (18)  WKAMPELMEIER  and  MEINERT.  As  to  a  true  aliquot 
part,  by  volume,  of  the  total  liquid  in  opium  assay,  and  as 
to  the  solvent  effect  of  ammonium  chloride  in  the  same 
liquid. 

Proc.  Mich.  State  Phar.  Assoc.,  4,  127;  Am.  Drugg.,  15, 
203. 

1887:     (1)     PLUGGE,  P.  C.     Alkalimetric  estimation  of  alkaloids. 

Arch.  Pharm.  (3)  25,  45;  Pharm.  Post.  20,  369;  Chem. 
Drug.  1887,  388;  Fortschrit.  1887,  301;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm. 
1887,  369;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1887,  312  and  971;  Ber.  d. 
chem.  Ges.  20,  148  R. 

1887:     (2)     LILLY.     Alkaloidal  assay,  using  Mayers'  reagent. 
Pharm.  Runds,  1887,  181;  Proc.  Am.  Ph.  A.  1887,  42. 

1887:     (3)     KREMEL,  A.     Assay  of  extractum  aconiti. 

Pharm.  Post.  20,  253;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1887,  733. 

1887:     (4)     SQUIBB.     Assay  of  coca. 
Ephemeris,  p.  912. 

1887:  (5)  RANSOM,  F.  Assay  of  ipecacuanha.  Volumetric  with 
Mayers'  reagent. 

Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (3)  18,  241;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  52,  1147. 
Chem.  Centrbl.  1887,  1410. 

1887:  (6)  SNOW,  H.  W.  Assay  of  ipecac.  Volumetric,  with 
Mayers'  reagent. 

Proc.  Mich.  S.  Ph.  A.  1887,  93. 

1887:  (7)  VAN  ZWALUWENBERG,  A.  Bibliography  of  opium 
assay,  1817-1887. 

Proc.  Mich.  S.  Ph.  A  ,  1887,  140. 

1887:     (8)     STILLWELL.  C.  M.     Opium  analysis. 

Am.  Chem.  J.  8,  295;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  52,  403;  Chem. 
News,  55,  43  and  54;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1887,  311. 


ALKALOIDAL  ESTIMATION.  15 

1887:  (9)  BECKURTS,  H.  Estimation  of  morphine.  Comparison 
of  methods. 

Chem.  Centrbl.  1887,  1411. 

1887:     (10)     BIRD,  F.  C.  J.     Estimation  of  morphine. 
Pharm.  J.  Trans.  18,  470. 

1887:  (11)  SCHRAUT,  S.  and  BECKURTS,  H.  Estimation  of  mor- 
phine. Comparison  of  methods. 

Pharm.  Centrbl.  28,  171;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1887,  605. 

1887:  (12)  DIETERICH,  E.  Simplification  and  improvement  of 
method  for  determining  morphine. 

Pharm.  Centralh.  28,  261  and  479;  Ber.  d.  chem.  Ges.  20, 
344  and  604,  and  21,  147  R.;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1887,  732 
and  1328. 

1887:  (13)  PLUGGE,  P.  C.  Separation  of  the  alkaloids  of  opium, 
using  saturated  sodium  acetate,  potassium  ferricyanide, 
sodium  salicylate,  potassium  sulphocyanide,  etc. 

Arch.  Pharm.  1887,  343;  Niew.  Tijdschr.  v.  Pharm.  1887, 
69;  Pharm.  Ztg.  1887,  376;  Pharm.  Ztschr.  Russ.  1887, 
505;  Rund.  Int.  Pharm.  1887,  543;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm. 
1887,  422;  Proc.  Am.  Ph.  A.  1887,  310. 

1887:     (14)     KREMEL.     Estimation  of  morphine  in  opium. 

Pharm.  Post.  20,  661;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1887,  1529;  J. 
Chem.  Soc.  54,  635. 

1887:  (15)  SCHLICKUM,  O.  Modification  of  Dieterich's  method 
for  determination  of  morphine  in  opium. 

Arch.  Pharm.  25,  13  and  483;  Ber.  20,  121  and  749  R.; 
Proc.  Am.  Ph.  A.  1887,  311;  J  Chem.  Soc.  52,  622; 
Chem.  Centrbl.  1487,  311  and  971. 

1887.     (16)     ADRIAN  and  GALLOIS.     Assay  of  opium. 

J.  Pharm.  Chim.  (5)  15, 193;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  52,  622;  Chem. 
Centrbl.  1887,  345. 

1887:  (17)  GOBEL,  H.  Estimation  of  morphine.  Criticism  and 
improvement  of  U.  S.  P.  process. 

Chem.  Zt£.  11,  508;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  52,  869. 

1887:  (18)  WILEY,  C.  D.  Opium  assay.  Comparison  of  meth- 
ods of  Squibb,  Wainwright  and  Fliickiger.  Gravimetric, 
weighing  free  morphine. 

Proc.  Mich.  S.  Ph.  A.  1887,  138. 


16  ALKALOIDAL  ESTIMATION. 

1887:     (19)     SQUIBB.     Assay  of  opium. 
Ephemeris,  p.  965. 

1887:     (20)     JANDONS,  A.     Estimation  of  morphine  in  opium. 
Casop.  cesk.  14kdrn.  6,  128;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1887,  731. 

1887:     (21)     BIEL,  J.     Estimation  of  morphine  in  opium. 

Pharm.  Ztschr.  Russ.  26,  241;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1887,  602. 

1887:     (22)     RUDDIMAN,  E.  A.     Estimation  of  quinine  by  Kerner's 
method. 

J.  Anal.  Chem.  1,  290;  Chem.  News  58,  pp.  202,  216,  and 
226;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  56,  323;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1888, 
1595. 

1887:     (23)     SCHAFER,  L.     Estimation  of  cinchonidine  in  quinine 
sulphate. 

Arch.  Pharm.  (3)  25,  64  and  1033;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  52,  623; 

54,  636;  Chem.  Centrbl.,  1888,  202. 
Pharm.  Ztg.  32,  97;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1887,314. 

1887:     (24)     DIETERICH.     Estimation  of  strychnine,  alkalimetric. 

Pharm.  Centralh.  1887.  21  and  29;  Am.  J.  Pharm.  1887, 
184  and  136;  Proc.  Am.  Ph.  A.  1887,  38. 

1887:     (25)     BECKURTS  and   HOLST.     Volumetric   estimation   of 
strychnine  and  brucine,  using  ferrocyanide. 

Pharm.  Rund.  1887, 112;  Arch.  Pharm.  1887,  313;  Jsb.  d. 

Pharm.  1887,  434;  Am.  J.  Pharm.  1887,  510;  Pharm. 

Era,  1887,  292. 
Pharm.  Centralh.  28,  119;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1887,  601. 

1887:     (26)     BECKURTS  and  HOLST.     Assay  of  strychnine  prepara- 
tions, alkalimetric. 

Pharm.  Centralh.  28,  255;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1887,  732. 

1887:     (27)     COWNLEY  and  PATL.     Estimation  of  caffeine  in  coffee. 

Pharm.  J.  Trans.  17,  648  and  821;  Chem.  Ztg.  1887,  55; 
Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1887,  153. 

1887:     (28)     COWNLEY  and  PAUL.     Estimation  of  caffeine  in  tea. 
Pharm.  J.  Trans.  18,  419;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  54,  539. 

1887:     (29)     SMITH,  E.  D.     Estimation  of  caffeine  in  coffee. 

Ztschr.  ostr.  Apoth.  Ver.  41,  359;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1887, 
1270;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  54,  539. 


ALKALOIDAL    ESTIMATION.  17 

1887:     (30)     WAAGE.  TH.     Estimation  of  caffeine  in  tea  leaves, 
gravimetric. 

Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1887,  170. 

1887:     (31)     LOSCH,  A.     Estimation  of  caffeine  in  tea  leaves. 

Fortschritt  1887, 128;  Schweiz.  Wochens.  1887,  209;  Rund. 
Int.  Pharm.  1887.  330;  Arch.  Pharm.  25,443  and  447; 
Ztschr.  Hygiene  1887, 177;  Pharm.  Centralh.  1887,  301; 
Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1887,  172;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  52,  1002; 
Pharm.  Ztschr.  Russ.  26, 177  and  178;  Chem.  Centrbl. 
1887,584. 

1887:     (32)     CRIPPS,   R.   A.      Indirect  volumetric   estimation  of 
coniine,  chlorometric. 

Pharm.  Rund.  1887,  210;  Rund.  Int.  Pharm.   1887,  732; 

Jsb.  d.  Pharm  1887,  175. 
Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (3)  18,  pp.  12,  511,  820  and  888;  Pharm. 

Era,  1887,  368;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  54,  540. 

1887:     (33)     LIGNON.     Assay  of  Ipecac. 

J.  Pharm.  Chim.  1887,  550;  Arch.  Pharm.  1887,  642. 

1887:     (34)     MACEWEN.     Chemistry  of  calabar  beans. 

Chem.  and  Drugg.  30,  193;  Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (3)  17,  641; 
Allen.  Com.  Org.  Anal.  3,  iii,  14. 

1888:     (1)     KREMEL.     Estimation  of  hydrastine,    berberine,  and 
emetine,  gravimetric. 

Pharm.  Post,  21,  149;  Chem.  Ztg.  1888,  84;  Pharm.  Rund. 
1888,  111;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1888,  100;  Arch.  Pharm. 
(3)  26,  419;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  54,  1351. 

1888:     (2)     KREMEL,  A.     Estimation  of  alkaloids  in  nux  vomica. 

Pharm.  Post.  21,  534;  Arch.  Pharm.  (3)  26,  899;  J.  Chem. 
Soc.  56,  322. 

1888:     (3)     WIEDA.     Estimation  of  cinchona  alkaloids.     Resume 
of  25  different  processes. 

Pharm.  Record  1888, 249  and  264. 

1888:     (4)     LENZ,     W.      Recent   processes    for    testing    quinin 
Comparison  of  methods. 

Ztschr.  anal.  Chem.  27,  549;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  56,  86. 

1888:     (5)     SNOW.     Mayer's  reagent  for  the  estimation  -of  alka- 
loids. 

Am.  J.  Pharm.  1888,  487;  Proc.  Mich.  S.  Ph. A.  1888,107; 
Proc.  Am.  Ph.  A.  1889,  686. 


18  ALKALOID AL   ESTIMATION. 

1888:     (6)     SNOW.    Phospho-molybdate  for  the  quantitative  analy- 
sis of  alkaloids,  gravimetric  and  volumetric. 

Pharm.  Era,  1888,  380;  Pharm.  Centralh.  1889,  14;  Jsb.  d. 
Pharm.  1889,  379;  Am.  J.  Pharm.  1888,  529;Proc.  Am. 
Ph.  A.  1888,  133;  J.  Pharm.  Chim.  19,  23. 

1888:     (7)     KREMEL,  A.     Estimation  of  caffeine  in  guaraua. 

Pharm.  Post.  21,  101;  Arch.  Pharm.  (3)  26,  318;  J.  Chem. 
Soc.  54,  876. 

1888:     (8)     BIEL,  J.     Estimation  of  nicotine  in  tobacco  extract. 

Pharm.  Ztschr.  Russ.  27,  3:  Arch.  Pharm.  (3)  26,  322;  J. 
Chem.  Soc.  54,  876;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1888,  425. 

1888:     (9)     SQUIBB.     Assay  of  coca  and  cocaine. 
Ephemeris,  pp.  1104  and  1170. 

1888:     (10)     SQUIBB.      Assay  of  opium. 
Ephemeris  pp.  1113  and  1150. 

1888:     (11)     TESCHEMACHER   and   SMITH,    J.   D.     Estimation  of 
morphine  in  opium,  with  comparison  of  methods. 

Chem.  News  57,  93  and  103;  Ber.  d.  chem.  Ges.  21,  p.  548 
R;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  54,  635;  Pharm.  J.  Trans.  19,  44; 
Chem.  Centrbl.  1888,  562. 

1888:     (12)     WILLIAMS,  R.     Estimation  of  morphine  in  opium. 

Chem.  News,  57,  134;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  54,  635;  Chem. 
Centrbl.  1888,  648;  Ber.  d.  chem.  Ges.  21,  545  R. 

1888:     (13)     DIETERICH,   E.    and   BARTHEL,    G.     Estimation    of 
morphine  and  its  water  of  crystallization. 

Pharm.  Centralh.  29,  315;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1888,1044. 

1888:     (14)     CAVENDONI.     Alkaloidal  estimation,  gravimetric. 

L'Orosi,  1888,  301;  Rep.  de  Pharm.  1890,22;  Pharm.  Post. 
1890,  p.  115;  Apoth.  Ztg.  1898,  16. 

1888:     (15)     VAN  ITALLIE.     Assay  of  belladonna  leaves. 

Pharm.  Weekblad.  1888,  883;  Apoth.  Ztg.  1888,  883 

1889:     (1)     DIETERICH,  E.     Estimation  of  morphine  by  Fliicki- 
ger's  method. 

Pharm.  Centralh.  30,  602;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1889,  ii,  674  and 
942. 


ALKALOIDAL   ESTIMATION.  19 

1889:  (2)  BECKURTS,  H.  Separation  and  estimation  of  strych- 
nine and  brucine,  aud  estimation  of  alkaloids  in  extracts 
containing  chlorophyll. 

Pharm.  Centralh.  1889,  574;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1889,  ii,  541. 

1889:  (3)  GOBEL,  H.  Estimation  of  quinine  and  cinchonidine 
in  bark,  extraction  with  paraffine  oil. 

Chem.  Ztg.  13,  906;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1889,  ii,  521. 

1889:  (4)  HOLDERMAN,  E.  Estimation  of  morphine  by  iodo- 
metric  methods. 

Chem.  Centrbl.  1889,  ii,  542;  Pharm.  Centralh.  1889,  579; 
Pharm.  Ztg.  1889,  582;  Pharm.  Rund.  1889,  258;  Jsb. 
d.  Pharm.  1889,  411;  Pharm.  Ztschr  Russ.  1889,  653. 

1889:  (5)  FLUECKIGER,  F.  A.  Determination  of  morphine  in 
opium,  gravimetric. 

Arch.  Pharm.  27,  721  and  769;  Pharm.  Ztg.  1889,  636; 
Pharm.  Ztg.  Russl.  1889,  759;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1889,  80; 
J.  Chem.  Soc.  58,  94;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1889,  ii,  715  and 
716;  Am.  Drug.  1889,  191;  Ber.  d.  Chem.  Ges.  22, 
841  R. 

1889:  (6)  GEROCK,  J.  E.  Separation  of  bruciue  from  strych- 
nine, using  nitric  acid  of  s.  g.  1.056. 

Arch.  Pharm.  22,  158;  Am.  J.  Pharm.  1889,  180;  Pharm. 
Runds.  1889,  116;  Proc.  Am.  Ph.  A.  1889,  702;  Am. 
Drug.  1889,  91;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1889,  i,  482. 

1889:  (7)  SNOW.  Estimation  of  strychnine  and  brucine  in  prep- 
arations of  nux  vomica. 

Proc.  Mich.  S.  Ph.  A.  1889,  73. 

1889:  (8)  POPOVICI,  M.  Quantitative  determination  of  nico- 
tine, polariscopic. 

Diss.  Erlangen;  Zeitschr.  f.  Physiol.  Chem.  13,  5;  Arch. 
Pharm.  1889,  558;  Chem.  Ztg.  1889,  148;  Pharm. 
Ztschr.  Russ.  1889,  314;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1889,  417;  J. 
Soc.  56,  802;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1889,  i,  709;  1890,  i,  361. 

1889:  (9)  KISSLING,  B.  Estimation  of  nicotine  in  tobacco, 
polariscopic. 

Chem.  Ztg.  13,  1030;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  58,  430;  Chem. 
Centrbl.  1889,  ii,  521. 


20  ALKALOEDAL   ESTIMATION. 

1889:  (10)  BLUNT,  T.  P.  Assay  of  emetine  in  wine  of  ipecac, 
volumetric,  with  Mayer's  reagent. 

Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (3)  20,  254;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  58,  310;  Rep. 
de  Pharm.  1890,  528. 

1889:     (11)     JOHNSTONE,  W.     Analysis  of  pepper. 
Analyst.  14,  41;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  58,  95. 

1889:  (12)  VAN  DER  MARK:  Estimation  of  alkaloids  in  coca 
leaves. 

Pharm.  Ztschr.  Russ.  28,349;  Schweiz.  Wochens.  27, 174; 

Rep.  de  Pharm.  1889,  366;  J.  Pharm.  Chim.  (5)20,  500; 

J.  Chem.  Soc.  58,  310. 
Ned.  Tijds.  Pharm.  89,  116;  Pharm.  Ztg.  39,  282;  Chem. 

Centrbl.  1889,  ii,  206. 

1889:  (13)  FAWSSETT,  T.  Estimation  of  cinchona  alkaloids; 
colorimetric  estimation  of  bromine,  after  adding  excess  of 
bromine  water. 

Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (3)  19,  914;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  58,  309. 

1889:  (14)  NEUMANN,  S.  Estimation  of  quinine  in  quinine 
tannate,  gravimetric. 

Ztschr.  anal.  Chem.  1889,  28,  663;  Jsb.  d. Pharm.  1890,420; 
Chem.  Centrbl.  1890,  i,  742. 

1889:  (15)  VAN  ITALLIE,  L.  Alkalimetric  estimation  of  alka- 
loids in  extracts. 

Nieuw  Tijds  Pharm.  1889,  6;  Pharm.  Centralh.  1889, 
117;  Analyst.  1889,  118;  Arch.  Pharm.  1889,  185; 
Pham.  Ztg.  1889,  73;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1889,  441;  Rep.  de 
Pharm.  1889,  511. 

1889:     (16)     VAN  DER  MARK,  B.     Assay  of  nux  vomica. 
Ned.  Tijds.  Pharm.  1889,  4. 

1889:     (17)     CRIPPS,  R.  A.  and  WITHBY,  A.     Assay  of  ipecac. 

Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (3)  19,  721;  Pharm.  Centralh.  1889,  441. 

1889:     (18)     LANDRIN.     Assay  of  cinchona. 

Compt.  rend.  108,  750;  Rep.  de  Pharm,  1889,  212. 

1890:  (1)  VAN  ITALLIE,  L.  Alkalimetric  estimation  of  alka- 
loids. 

Nederl.  Tijds.  Pharm.  2,  209;  Pharm.  Ztg.  35,  442;  Jsb. 
d.  Pharm.  1890,  406;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1890,  ii.  477. 


ALKALOID AL    ESTIMATION.  21 

1890:  (2)  SCHWEISSLNGER  AND  SARNOW.  Quantitative  estima- 
tion of  alkaloids  in  narcotic  extracts.  Volumetric. 

Pharm.  Centralh.  81,  583,  771;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1890,  406; 
Rep.  de  Pharm.  1891,  281;  Am.  J.  Pharm.  1891,  96; 
Chem.  Centrbl.  1891,  i,  242. 

1890:  (3)  EGELING.  Gravimetric  estimation  of  alkaloids  in 
extraction  strychni. 

Nederl.   Tijdschr,   Pharm.   1890,  2,  242;  Jsb.  d.    Pharm. 

1890,  407;  Rep.   der  Pharm.  1,  240;  Chem.  Centrbl. 

1891,  i,  285. 

1890:  (4)  CHRISTIANSEN,  A.  Determination  of  alkaloids,  and 
their  numerical  equivalents.  lodometric. 

Chem.  Ztg.  1890,  1346;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1890,  404;  Chem. 
and  Drug.  1890,  602;  Proc.  A.  Ph.  A.  1891,  609;  J. 
Chem.  Soc.  62,  666;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1890,  ii,  796. 

1890:  (5)  BECKURTS,  H.  Estimation  of  strychnine  in  prepara- 
tions. 

Arch.  Pharm.  228,  330;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1890,  ii,  123  and 

477. 

1890:  (6)  BEATON  and  RICHMOND.  Estimation  of  quinine  in  mix- 
tures. (Double  titration,  using  methyl  orange  and  phenol- 
phthalein.) 

Analyst,  15,  42;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1890,416;  Chem.  Centrbl. 
1890,  i,  741. 

1890:     (7)     LOOFF,  G.     Estimation  of  morphine. 

Apot.  Ztg.  5,  271;  Am.  J.  Pharm.  20,  344;  Rep.de  Pharm. 
1890,  480;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1890,  i,  1082;  J.  Chem.  Soc. 
58, 1349. 

1890:     (8)     LOOFF,  G.     Estimation  of  morphine. 

Pharm.  Centralh.  31,  688;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1890,  ii,  1034; 
J.  Chem.  Soc.  60,  771. 

1890:     (9)     HINSDALE,  S.  J.     Colorimetric  estimation  of  morphine. 

Chem.  News,  62,  77;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1890,  456;  J.  Chem. 
Soc.  58,  1349;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1890,  ii,  531. 

1890:  (10)  DIETERICH,  E.  A  shortening  of  the  Helfenberger 
method  of  morphine  estimation. 

Pharm.  Centralh.  31,  591  and  729;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1890, 
455;  Ztschr.  anal.  Chem.  30,  105;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  60, 
511;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1890,  ii,  857. 


22  ALKALOIDAL    ESTIMATION. 

1890:  (11)  DIETERICH,  E.  On  morphine  and  emetine,  and  the 
time  required  for  shaking  out. 

Pharm.  Centralh.  1890,  81,  741;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1890,  454. 

1890:  (12)  CLAASEN,  E.  On  the  quantitative  estimation  of 
codeine  and  morphine.  Volumetric  method,  using  platinic 
chloride. 

Pharm.  Rund.  1890,  8,  41;  Pharin.  Centralh.  81. 115;  Jsb. 
d.  Pharin.  1890,  457;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1890,  i,  741;  J. 
Chem.  Soc.  58,  1198. 

1890:     (13)     BLUNT,    T.   P.     Alkalimetric  estimation   of  emetine. 

Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (3)  20.  809;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1890,  442, 
Chem.  Centrbl.  1890,  i,  881. 

1890:     (14)     VIT£,  F.     Estimation  of  caffeine  in  tea. 

Mitteil.  Erlangen,  1890,  113;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1890,  ii,  274; 
J.  Chem.  Soc  60,  372. 

1890:     (15)     SPENCER,  G.  L.     Estimation  of  caffeine  in  tea. 

J.  Anal.  Chem.  4,  158;  Chem.  Ztg.  14,  Ref.  175;  Chem. 
Centrbl.  1890,  ii,  172. 

1890:  (16)  SUESS,  P.  Estimation  of  theobromine  in  cacao  beans. 
Various  methods  discussed. 

Ztschr.  Anal.  Chem.  32,  57;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  64,  ii,  198. 

1890:  (17)  THOMPSON,  F.  A.  Assay  of  couium,  modification  of 
Lyons'  method. 

Proc.  Mich.  S.  Ph.  A.,  1890,  19. 

1890:     (18)     ARNDT,  E.  M.     Estimation  of  emetine. 
Apoth.  Ztg.  1890,  780. 

1890:     (19)     U.  S.  PHARMACOPOEIA.     Assay  of  cinchona. 
U.  S.  P.  1890,  p.  91. 

FOR  TOTAL  ALKALOIDS.— To  20  gins,  of  cinchona  in  very  fine  powder 
and  contained  in  a  bottle  with  accurately  ground  glass  stopper,  add  200 
c.  c.  of  a  previously  prepared  mixture  of  19  volumes  of  alcohol,  5  vols. 
chloroform,  and  1  vol  ammonia  water,  stopper  the  bottle,  and  shake 
thoroughly  and  frequently  during  four  hours.  Then  separate  the  liquid 
by  pouring  it  into  another  bottle  through  a  funnel  containing  a  pellet  of 
cotton  so  that  no  material  loss  by  evaporation  may  result.  Transfer  100 
c.  c.  of  the  clear  filtrate  (representing  10  gms.  cinchona)  to  a  beaker,  and 


ALKALOIDAL  ESTIMATION.  23 

evaporate  to  dry  ness.  Dissolve  the  residue  of  crude  alkaloids  thus 
obtained  in  10  c.  c.  of  water  and  4  c.  c.  normal  sulphuric  acid,  with  the 
aid  of  gentle  heat,  filter  the  cooled  solution  into  a  separating  funnel,  and 
wash  the  beaker  and  filter  until  filtrate  no  longer  has  an  acid  reaction, 
using  as  small  a  quantity  of  water  as  possible.  Now  add  5  c.  c.  normal 
potassium  hydrate  to  render  decidedly  alkaline,  and  extract  alkaloids  by 
shaking  the  mixture,  first  with  20  c.  c.,  then  repeatedly  with  10  c.  c.  of 
chloroform,  until  a  drop  of  the  last  chloroform  extraction  leaves  no  resi- 
due when  evaporated  on  a  watch  glass.  Evaporate  the  united  chloro- 
formic  extracts  in  a  tared  beaker,  dry  the  residue  at  100°  C.  and  weigh. 
The  weight  found,  multiplied  by  10  will  give  the  percentage  of  total 
alkaloids  in  the  specimen  of  cinchona  tested. 

FOR  QUININE.— Transfer  50  c.  c.  of  the  clear  nitrate  remaining  from 
the  preceeding  process  (and  representing  5  gm.  of  cinchona)  to  a  beaker,, 
evaporate  it  to  a  dryness,  and  proceed  as  directed  for  total  alkaloids, 
using  only  half  the  amounts  of  volumetric  acid  and  alkali  there  directed. 
Add  the  united  chloroformic  extracts  containing  the  alkaloids  in  solu- 
tion, gradually,  and  in  small  portions  at  a  time,  to  about  5  gm.  of  pow- 
dered glass  contained  in  a  porcelain  capsule  placed  over  a  water  bath,  so 
that  when  the  contents  of  the  capsule  are  dry,  all  or  nearly  all  of  the  dry 
alkaloids  shall  be  in  intimate  admixture  with  the  powdered  glass,  and 
the  chloroform  be  completely  expelled.  Now  moisten  the  residue  with 
ether,  and  having  placed  a  funnel  containing  a  filter  of  a  diameter  of 
7  c.  m.  and  well  wetted  with  ether  over  a  small  graduated  tube  (A)* 
transfer  the  ether-moistened  residue  from  the  capsule.  Rinse  the 
latter  several  times,  if  necessary,  with  fresh  ether,  so  as  to  transer  the 
whole  of  the  residue  to  the  filter,  then  percolate  with  ether  added  drop 
by  drop,  until  exactly  10  c.  c.  of  percolate  have  been  obtained.  Then 
collect  another  volume  of  10  c.  c.  by  similar  slow  percolation  with  ether, 
in  a  second  graduated  tube  (B).  Transfer  the  contents  of  the  two  tubes 
completely,  (using  ether  for  washing)  to  two  small,  tared  capsules, 
properly  marked  (A  and  B)  so  as  to  avoid  confusion,  evaporate  to  a  con- 
stant weight  at  100°  C.  and  weigh  them.  (The  residue  in  A  will  contain 
practically  all  the  quinine,  together  with  a  portion  of  the  alkaloids  less 
soluble  in  ether;  the  residue  B  will  consist  almost  entirely  of  these  alka- 
joids.)  From  the  amount  of  residue  obtained  in  capsule  A  deduct  that 
contained  in  B,  and  multiply  the  remainder  by  20.  The  product  will 
represent,  approximately,  the  percentage  of  quinine  (containing  1 
molecule  of  water)  in  the  specimen  of  cinchona  tested. 

1890:     (20)     U.   S.  PHARMACOPOEIA.      Assay  of   extract   of   nux. 
vomica. 

U.  S.  P.  1890,  p.  154. 


24  AT.KAT.OmAT.    ESTIMATION. 

Put  2  gin.  of  the  dried  extract  of  nux  vomica  into  a  glass  separator, 
add  to  it  20  c.  c.  of  a  previously  prepared  mixture  of  2  volumes  of  alco- 
hol, 1  vol.  ammonia  water  (s.  g.  0.960),  and  1  vol.  water,  and  shake  the 
separator  till  the  extract  is  dissolved.  Then  add  20  c.  c.  of  chloroform 
and  agitate  during  five  minutes.  Allow  the  chloroform  to  separate, 
remove  it  as  far  as  possible,  pour  into  the  separator  a  few  c.  c.  of  chloro- 
form, and,  without  shaking,  draw  this  off  through  the  stop-cock  to  wash 
the  outlet  tube.  Repeat  the  extraction  with  two  further  portions  of 
chloroform  of  15  c.  c.  each,  and  wash  the  outlet  tube  each  time  as  just 
directed.  Collect  all  the  chloroformic  solutions  in  a  wide  beaker,  expose 
the  latter  to  a  gentle  heat,  on  a  water-bath,  until  the  chloroform  and 
ammonia  are  completely  dissipated,  add  to  the  residue  10  c.  c.  of  deci- 
normal  sulphuric  acid  measured  from  a  burette,  stir  gently,  and  then 
add  20  c.  c.  of  hot  water.  When  solution  has  taken  place  add  2  c.  c.  of 
Brazil  wood  solution,  and  then  carefully  run  in  centinormal  potassium 
hydrate,  until  a  permanent  pinkish  color  is  produced.  Divide  the  num- 
ber of  c.  c.  of  centinormal  potash  used  by  10,  subtract  the  number  found 
from  the  amount  of  decinormal  acid  used,  multiply  the  remainder  by 
0.0364  and  that  product  by  50  (or  multiply  at  once  by  1.82),  which  will 
give  the  percentage  of  total  alkaloids  in  the  extract,  it  being  assumed 
that  strychnine  and  brucine  are  present  in  equal  proportion,  and  the 
above  factor  being  found  by  taking  the  mean  of  their  respective  mole- 
cular weights  [(334  +  394)  -r-  2  =  364]. 

1890:     (21)     U.    S.    PHARMACOPCEIA.     Assay   of    opium,    crude, 
extract  or  tincture. 

U.  S.  P.  1890,  pp.  156,  292,  and  424. 

EXTRACT  OF  OPIUM.— Dissolve  4  grs.  in  30  c.  c.  of  water,  filter  the 
solution  through  a  small  filter,  and  wash  the  filter  and  residue  with 
water,  until  all  soluble  matters  are  extracted,  collecting  the  washings 
separately.  Evaporate  in  a  tared  capsule,  first  the  washings  to  a  small 
volume,  then  add  the  first  filtrate,  and  evaporate  the  whole  to  a  weight 
of  ten  grams.  Rotate  the  concentrated  solution  about  in  the  capsule 
until  the  rings  of  extract  are  redissolved,  pour  the  liquid  into  a  tared 
Erlenmeyer  flask  having  a  capacity  of  100  c.  c. ,  and  rinse  the  capsule 
with  a  few  drops  of  water  at  a  time,  until  the  entire  solution  weighs  15 
gm.  Then  add  8.5  c.  c.  of  alcohol,  shake  well,  add  20  c.  c.  of  ether  and 
shake  again.  Now  add  2.2  c.  c.  of  ammonia  water,  stopper  the  flask  with 
a  sound  cork,  shake  it  thoroughly  during  ten  minutes  and  set  aside  in  a 
moderately  cool  place  for  six  hours  or  over  night. 

CRUDE  OPIUM. — Introduce  the  opium  (which  if  fresh,  should  be  in 
very  small  pieces,  and  if  dry,  in  very  fine  powder)  into  a  bottle  having 


ALKALOIDAL  ESTIMATION.  25 

a  capacity  of  about  300  c.  c.  add  100  c.  c.  of  water,  cork  it  well,  and  agi- 
tate frequently  during  12  hours.  Then  pour  the  whole  as  evenly  as  pos- 
sible upon  a  wetted  filter  of  12  cm.  diameter,  and  when  the  liquid  has 
drained  off,  wash  the  residue  with  water,  carefully  dropped  upon  the 
edges  of  the  filter  and  the  contents,  until  150  c.  c.  of  filtrate  are  obtained. 
Then  carefully  transfer  the  moist  opium  back  to  the  bottle  by  means  of 
a  spatula,  add  50  c.  c.  of  water,  agitate  thoroughly  and  repeatedly  dur- 
ing 15  minutes  and  return  the  whole  to  the  filter.  When  the  liquid  has 
drained  off,  wash  the  residue  as  before,  until  the  second  filtrate  measures 
150  c.  c.,  and  finally  collect  about  20  c.  c.  more  of  a  third  filtrate.  Evap- 
orate in  a  tared  capsule,  first,  the  second  filtrate  to  a  small  volume, 
then  add  the  first  filtrate,  rinsing  the  vessel  with  the  third  filtrate,  and 
continue  the  evaporation  until  the  residue  weighs  14  gm.  Rotate  the 
concentrated  solution  about  in  the  capsule  until  the  rings  of  extract  are 
redissolved,  pour  the  liquid  into  a  tared  Erlenmeyer  flask  of  100  c.  c. 
capacity,  and  rinse  the  capsule  with  a  few  drops  of  water  at  a  time, 
until  the  entire  solution  weighs  20  gm.  Then  add  12.2  c.  c.  alcohol, 
shake  well,  add  25  c.  c.  of  ether  and  shake  again.  Then  add  3.5  c.  c. 
ammonia  water,  stopper  the  flask,  shake  thoroughly  during  ten  minutes 
and  set  aside  in  a  moderately  cool  place  for  six  hours  or  over  night. 

TINCTURE  OF  OPIUM. — Evaporate  100  c.  c.  to  about  20  c.  c.,  add  40  c.  c. 
of  water,  mix  thoroughly,  and  set  aside  for  an  hour,  occasionally  stirring, 
and  disintegrating  the  resinous  flakes  adhering  to  the  capsule.  Then 
filter,  and  wash  the  filter  and  residue  with  water,  until  all  soluble 
matters  are  extracted,  collecting  the  washings  separately.  Evaporate 
in  a  tared  capsule,  first  the  washings  to  a  small  volume,  then  add  the 
first  filtrate,  and  evaporate  the  whole  to  a  weight  of  14  gm.  Then  pro- 
ceed exactly  as  with  crude  opium,  from  this  point,  using  same  quan- 
tities. 

After  standing  for  6  hours  or  over  night,  remove  the  stopper  care- 
fully, and  should  any  crystals  adhere  to  it,  brush  them  into  the  flask. 
Place  in  a  small  funnel  two  rapidly  acting  filters,  of  7  cm.  diameter, 
plainly  folded,  one  within  the  other  (the  triple  fold  of  the  inner  being 
laid  against  the  single  fold  of  the  outer),  wet  them  well  with  ether,  and 
decant  the  ethereal  solution  as  completely  as  possible  upon  the  inner 
filter.  Add  10  c.  c.  of  ether  to  the  contents  of  the  flask,  rotate  it,  and 
again  decant  the  ethereal  layer  upon  the  inner  filter.  Repeat  this  opera- 
tion with  another  portion  of  10  c.  c.  of  ether.  Then  pour  into  the  filter 
the  liquid  in  the  flask,  in  portions,  in  such  a  way  as  to  transfer  the 
greater  portion  of  the  crystals  to  the  filter,  and,  when  this  has  passed 
through,  transfer  the  remaining  crystals  to  the  filter  by  washing  the 
flask  with  several  portions  of  water,  not  using  more  than  about  10  c.  c. 


26  ALKALOIDAL  ESTIMATION. 

in  all.  Allow  the  double  filter  to  drain,  then  apply  water  to  the  crystals 
drop  by  drop,  until  they  are  practically  free  from  mother-water,  and 
afterwards  wash  them,  drop  by  drop,  from  a  pipette,  with  a  saturated 
alcoholic  solution  of  morphine.  When  this  has  passed  through,  displace 
the  remaining  alcohol  by  ether,  using  10  c.  c.  or  more  if  necessary. 
Allow  the  filter  to  dry  in  a  moderately  warm  place,  at  a  temperature  not 
exceeding  60°,  to  constant  weight,  then  carefully  transfer  the  crystals  to 
a  weighed  watch-glass,  and  weigh.  The  weight  found  represents  per- 
centage of  morphine  (crystallized)  from  tincture,  multiplied  by  10  gives 
percentage  from  crude  opium,  and  multiplied  by  25  percentage  from 
extract. 

1890.     (22)     NAGELVOORT,  J.  B.     Rapid  estimation  of  morphine 
in  opium. 

Am.  J.  Pharm.  1890,  407;  Terapia  moderna,  1891,  80;  Rep. 
de  Pharm.  1891,  283. 

1891:     (1)     LAMBERT,  A.     Polariscopic  estimation  of  morphine. 

J.  Pharm.  Chim.  (5)  3,  593;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1891,  550;  J. 
Chern.  Soc.  60,  1043;  Chem.  Centrbl.   1891,  ii,  233. 

1891:     (2)     LLOYD,    J.    U.      Assay    of    galenical    preparations. 
(Using    ferric    chloride    and    sodium    bi-carbonate,    and 
extracting  with  chloroform.) 
Proc.  A.  Ph.  A.;  1891,  124; 

1891:     (3)     THOMPSON,  F.  A.     Method  for  the  assay  of  prepara- 
tions of  belladonna,  stramonium  and  henbane,  cinchonas, 
colchicum,  coca,  and  conium.     (Using  oak  sawdust). 
Proc.  Mich.  St.  Ph.  A.  1891,  67. 

1891:     (4)     HAUBENSAK,    W.     Estimation   of   total   alkaloids   in 
cinchona. 

Schweiz.  Wochens.  29,  147;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1891,  i,  1006; 
J.  Chem.  Soc.  60,  1402. 

1891:     (5)     SPENCER,  G.  L.     Estimation  of  caffeine  in  tea. 

J.  Anal.  Chem.  4,  390;   Chem.  Centrbl.  1891,  i,  373;  J. 
Chem.  Soc.  60,  964;  Chem.  News,  63,  18. 

1891:     (6)     PAUL,  B.  H.     Estimation  of  caffeine  in  tea,  etc. 

Pharm.  J.  Trans.  21,  882;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  60,  1403;  Rev. 
intern,  falsific.   4,  210;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1891,  ii,  595. 


ALKALOIDAL    ESTIMATION.  27 

1891:     (7)     PEZZOLATO,  A.     Determination  of  nicotine  in  presence 
of  ammonia. 

Gaz.  chim.  ital.  20,  780;  Ber.  d.  chem.  Ges.  24,  222,  R; 
J.  Chem.  Soc.  60,  771;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1891,1,287; 
Einf.  Stud.  Alk.  293. 

1891:     (8)     ALLEN,  A.  H.     Assay  of  aconite  preparations. 
Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (3)  22,  230;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  62,  392. 

1891:     (9)     BECKURTS,  H.     Estimation  of  alkaloids  in  extracts  of 
nux  vomica,  aconite,  belladonna,  and  hyoscyamus,  etc. 

Pharm.  Rund.  1891,  240;  Apoth.  Ztg.  1891,  537;  Am.  J. 
Pharm.  1892,  26. 

1891:     (10)     KREMEL,  A.     Estimation  of  coniine. 

Ann.  di  Chim.  e  di  Farm.  14,  149;  Einf.  Stud.  Alk.  p.  542. 

1892:     (1)     NICHOLS,  H.  T.  and  NORTON,  T.  H.     Examination  of 
the  Lloyd  method. 

J.  Anal.  Chem.  6,  162;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1892,  ii,  188. 

1892:     (2)     ALLEN,  A.  H.     Methyl  orange  as  the  best  indicator 
for  titration  of  alkaloids. 

Chem.  and  Drug.  1892,  104;   Proc.  Am.  Ph.  A.  1892,  1035. 

1892:     (3)     ALLEN,  A.  H.     Volumetric  estimation  of   alkaloids. 

Chem.  News  66,  259;  Ber.  26,  389,  R;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  64,  ii, 
252;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1893,  i,  137. 

1892:     (4)     PARTHEIL,  A.     Use  of  ethereal  iodo-eosin  as  an  indi- 
cator for  alkaloid. 

Apot.  Ztg.  1892,  435;  Am.  J.  Pharm.  1892,  522;  Chem. 
Centrbl.  1892,  ii,  638. 

1892:     (5)     BARTHE,    L.     Volumetric    estimation    of    alkaloids. 
(Double  titration,  with  phenolphthalein  and  litmus.) 

Compt.  rend.  1892,  115,  512;  Chem.  News,  1892,  223;  Jsb. 
d.  Pharm.  1892,  491;  Proc.  A.  Ph.  A.  1893,  817;  Am. 
J.  Pharm.  1892,  368;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  64,  ii,  146. 

1892:     (6)     BARTHE,  L.     Analysis  of  quinine  sulphate  and  esti- 
mation of  quinine  in  presence  of  other  cinchona  alkaloids. 

Compt.  rend.  115,  1085;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  64,  ii,  199;  Chem. 
Centrbl.  1893,  i,  233. 


28  ALKALOIDAL  ESTIMATION. 

1892:     (7)     SCHMIDT,  J.  H.     Estimation   of  quinine  in  cinchona 
barks. 

Pharm.  Centralh.  33,  594;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1892,  ii,  946; 
J.  Chem.  Soc.  64,  ii,  310. 

1892:     (8)     KUERSTEINER,   C.     Assay    of   cinchona,  gravimetric. 

Pharm.  Ztg.  1892,  750;  Am.  J.  Pharm.  1893,  74;  Proc.  A. 

Ph.  A.  1893,  404. 
Schweiz.  Wochens    30,  473;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1893,  i,  137; 

Rep.  de  Pharm.  1894,  75. 

1892:     (9)     PINETTE,  J.     Estimation  of  nicotine. 

Chem.  Ztg.  16,  1072;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1892,  ii,  560. 

1892:     (10)     BIRD,  F.  C.  J.     Estimation  of  emetine  with  Mayer's 
reagent. 

L'Union  pharm.  1892,  No.  10;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1892,  519. 

1892:     (11)     KOTTMAYER,  G.      Estimation    of   emetine   in  ipeca- 
cuanha root,  volumetric. 

Pharm.  Post,  1892,  913  and  933;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1892,  182; 
Chem.  Centrbl.  1892,  ii,  638. 

1892:     (12)     KELLER,  C.  C.     Estimation  of  emetine. 

Schweiz  Wochens.  30,  501  and  509;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1893, 
i,  235  and  322;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  64,  ii,  397;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm. 
1893,  171;  Am.  J.  Pharm.  1893,  78. 

1892:     (13)     TRAUB.     Estimation  of  alkaloids,  iodometric. 

Schweiz.  Wochens.  1892,  22;  Apoth.  Ztg.  1892, . 

1892:     (14)     DOMERGUE    and    NICOLAS.      Estimation  of   caffeine 
in  tea. 

J.  Pharm.  Chim.  (5)  25,  302;  Rep.  de  Pharm.  1892,  155. 

1892:     (15)     CAZENEUVE   and   BIETRIX.      Estimation   of  caffeine 
in  tea. 

Moniteur  scientif.  1892,  April;  Rep.  de  Pharm.  1892,  203. 

1892:     (16)     GUILLOT.     Rapid  estimation  of  caffeine. 

Arch,  de  Med.  et  de  Pharm.  milit;  Rep.  de  Pharm.  1892, 
374;  Apothek.  Ztg.  1893,  132;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1893, 
721;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1893,  i,  865;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  64,  ii, 
608. 

• 

1892:     (17)     BECK,  C.  R.     Assay  of  ipecac. 

Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (3)  22,891;  Rep.  de  Pharm.  1892,  273. 


ALKALOIDAL  ESTIMATION.  29 

1893:     (1)     KELLER,  C.  C.     Alkalirnetric  estimation  of  alkaloids  in 
cinchona  bark. 

Festschr.  Stiftungsfeier  Schweiz.  Apoth.  Ver;  Pharm. 
Ztg.  1893,  786;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1893,  165. 

1893:     (2)     KELLER,  C.  C.     Estimation  of  emetin. 

Schweiz  Wochens.  31,  470  and  485;  Jsb  de  Pharm.  1893, 
175;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1894,  i,  236. 

1893:     (3)     KELLER.     Estimation  of  emetin  in  ipecacuanha  root. 

Pharm.  Post,  25,  913;  J.  Pharm.  Chim.  (5)  27,  465;  J. 
Chem.  Soc.  64,  ii,  560. 

1893:     (4)     KELLER,  C.  C.     Estimation    of  alkaloids  in  strychnos 
seeds.     Titration  using  iodo-eosin. 

Schweiz.  Wochens.  1893, ;  Pharm.  Ztg.  1893,  No.  96 

and  101;  Apoth.  Ztg.  8,  542;  Ztschr.  anal.  Chem.  35, 
491;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  66,  ii,  491. 

1893:     (5)     MEYER,    A.      Valuation    of   ipecacuanha   root,    volu- 
metric. 

Apoth.  Ztg.  1893,  pp.  167,  178;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1893,  173. 

1893:     (6)     GRANDVAL  and  LAJOUX.     Estimation  of  caffeine. 

J.  Pharm.  Chim.  27,  545;  Rep.  de  Pharm.  1893,  301;  Rev. 
intern,  falsific.  1893,  168;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1893,  722. 
J.  Chem.  Soc.  64,  ii,  559;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1893,  ii,  166. 

1893:     (7)     KELLER,  C.  C.     Assay  of  alkaloidal  drugs,  volumetric. 

Oestr  Ztschr.  Pharm.  1893,  563  and  586;  Am.  J.  Pharm. 
1894,  42;  Proc.  A.  Ph.  A.  1894,  532. 

1893:     (8)     SOKOLOFF.     Estimation  of  caffeine  in  tea. 

Chem.  and  Drug.  1893,  210;  Proc.  A.  Ph.  A.,  1894,  514. 
J.  Russ.  Chem.  Soc.  24,  130;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  64,  ii,  352. 

1893:     (9)     SUESS,  P.     Estimation  of  theobromine. 

Ztschr.  anal.  Chem.  32,  57;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1893,  i,  322. 

1893:     (10)     BRUNNER,  H.  and  LEINS,  H.     Qualitative  separation 
of  caffeine  and  theobromine,  using  ammonio  silver  nitrate. 

Schweiz.  Wochens.  31,  85;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1893,  720; 
Chem.  Centrbl.  1893,  i,  802;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  64,  ii,  608. 

1893:     (11)     DE  Wus,  B.  J.  C.     Estimation  of  morphine  in  opium. 
Nederl.  Tijds.  Pharm.  5,  282;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1893,  ii,  738. 


30  ALKALOIDAL    ESTIMATION. 

1893:     (12)     CANNEPIN  and  VAN  EIJK.     Titration   of  morphine, 
cochineal  as  indicator. 

Bull.  Soc.  Chim.,  (3)  9,  437;  Ber.  26,  837,  R;  J.  Chem. 
Soc.  64,  ii,  607;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1893,  ii,  299;  Rep.  de 
Pharm.  1893,  249. 

1893:     (13)     HEUT,  G.     Estimation  of  coniine  and  nicotine. 

Arch.  Pharm.  231,  376  and  658.  J.  Chem.  Soc.  64,  ii,  607; 
Chem.  Centrbl.  1894,  i,  307. 

1893:     (14)     VEDRSDI.     Analysis  of  tobacco.     Study  of  methods. 

Ztschr.  anal.  Chem.  32,  277;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  64,  ii,  504; 
Chem.  Centrbl.  1893,  ii,  164. 

1893:  (15)  THOMPSON,  F.  A.  Estimation  of  hydrastine,  and  sep- 
aration from  berberine.  Volumetric. 

Am.  J.  Pharm.  1893,  371;  Proc.  A.  Ph.  A.,  1893,  691. 

1893:  (16)  RANWEZ.  Estimation  of  alkaloids  in  preparations  of 
aconite,  hyoscyamus,  stramonium  and  cicuta. 

J.  Pharm.  Chim.  (5)  28,  208  and  264;  Rep.  de  Pharm.  1893, 
344;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1893,  ii,  737  and  890. 

1893:  (17)  CASPARI,  C.  and  DOHME,  R.  L.  Titration  as  a  means 
of  assaying  drugs.  Discussion  of  methods. 

Am.  J.  Pharm.  1893,  473  and  478.  Proc.  A.  Ph.  A.  1894, 
555. 

1893:  (18)  GRANDVAL  and  LAJOUX.  Estimation  of  alkaloids 
with  potassium  mercuric  iodide. 

J.  Pharm.  Chim.  1893,  Aug.  15;  Rep.  de  Pharm,  1893, 
436;  Rev.  inter,  falsiflc.  6, 186 and  207,  Chem.  Centrbl. 
1893,  ii,  597  and  668. 

1893:  (19)  GRANDVAL,  A.  and  LAJOUX,  H.  Estimation  of  alka- 
loids in  drugs. 

J.  Pharm.  Chim.  28,  99  and  152;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm,  1893,  483; 
J.  Chem.  Soc.  64,  ii,  608;  Apoth.  Ztg.  1893,  90;  Rep. 
de  Pharm.  1893,  392. 

1893:  (20)  VITALI,  D.  Volumetric  estimation  of  certain  metals, 
and  salts  of  the  alkaloids.  Applies  to  sulphates  and 
halides. 

L'Orosi,  16,  181;  Pharm.  Ztg.  1893,  321;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm. 
1893,  207;  Pharm.  Post,  1893,  297;  Am.  J.  Pharm. 
1893,  384;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  64,  ii,  607. 


ALKALOID  AL   ESTIMATION.  31 

1893:     (21)     VAN  LEDDEN-HULSEBOSCH.     Determination  of  alka- 
loids in  extracts,  gravimetric. 

Pharm  Centralh.  1893,  101  and  289;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1893, 
593;  Am.  Drug.  1893,  372;  Proc.  A.  Ph.  A.,  1893,  404. 

1893:     (22)     LIEUNNIGH,   F.  Criticism  of     Hulsebosch's   process. 

Pharm.  Centralh.  1893,  591;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1893,  ii,  890; 
Proc.  A.  Ph.  A.,  1894,  1092;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  66,  ii,  126. 

1894:     (1)     KELLER,  C.  C.     Alkaloidal  assaying. 

Schweiz.  Wochens.  1894,  Nos.  5,  6,  7, 12,  13;  Pharm.  Ztg. 
1894,  344  and  361;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1894,  11;  Proc.  A. 
Ph.  A.  1895,  537. 

1894:     (2)     FARE  and  WRIGHT.     Preference  given  to  gravimetric 
rather  than  volumetric  methods. 

Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (3)  25,  121;  Proc.  A.  Ph.  A.  1895,623; 
Chem.  Centrbl.  1894,  ii,  602. 

1894:     (3)     SCHWICKERATH,  K.     Alkaloidal  assaying  of  drugs. 

Pharm.  Rund.  1894,  137;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1894,  24;  Drug. 
Bull.  1894,  246;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1894,  ii,  302. 

1894:     (4)     BECKURTS.     Estimation  of  alkaloids  in  drugs. 

Apoth.  Ztg.  1894,  661  and  750;  Pharm.  Ztg.  1894,  676; 
Pharm.  Centralh.  1894,  566;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1894,  26. 

1894:     (5)     DIETERICH.     Discussion  of  methods  for  determination 
of  alkaloids. 

Helfenb.  Annal.  1894,  15;  Pharm.  Centralh.  1895,  163; 
Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1895,  500;  Proc.  A.  Ph.  A.  1895,  545; 
Chem.  Centrbl.  1895,  i,  814. 

1894:     (6)     KUNZE,  W.  E.     Separation  and  estimation  of  the  cacao 
alkaloids.      Volumetric  for  theobromine. 

Ztschr.  anal.  Chem.  33,  1;   Pharm.    Centralh.  34,  108; 

Rep.  de  Pharm.  1895,  225;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  66,  ii,  168; 

Chem.  Centrbl.  1894,  i,  398. 
Schweiz.  Wochens.  32,  334;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1894,  ii,  179. 

1894:     (7)     THIEL,  J.     Estimation  of  theobromine. 

Forschungsber.  Lebensm.  1,  108;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1894, 
i,  878. 

1894:     (8)     BRUNNER,  H.  Quantitative  separation  of  theobromine 
and  caffeine. 

Schweiz.  Wochens.  32,  126;  Chem.  Centrbl.  189          932. 


32  ALKALOIDAL  ESTIMATION. 

1894:     (9)     HILGER  and  EMINGER.     Estimation  of  theobromine  in 
cocoa. 

Forschungsber.  Lebensm.  1,  292;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1894,  ii, 
462;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  68,  ii,  542. 

1894:     (10)     STCEDER,   W.      Estimation    of    alkaloids    in    cortex 
granati. 

Nederl.  Tijds.  Pharm.  6,  39;  Chem.  Centrbl,  1894,  i,  606. 

1894:     (11)     CUSHMAN,  A.  S.     Detection  and  estimation  of  strych- 
nine in  corpses. 

Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  6, 17;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1894,  ii, 
461;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  68,  ii,  542. 

1894:     (12)     DOTT,  D.  B.     Assay  of  opium.  Acid  titration. 

Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (3)  24,  847;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  70,  ii,  283; 
Apoth.  Ztg.  4,  795;  Rep.  de  Pharm.  1894,  509. 

1894:     (13)     KELLER,   C.    C.      Estimation    of   hydrastine,   gravi- 
metric. 

Apoth.  Ztg.  1894,  52  and  133;  Am.  J.  Pharm,  1894,  201; 
Proc.  A.  Ph.  A.  1894,  546. 

1894:     (14)     LEINS,  H.     Estimation  of  caffeine  and  theobromine. 

Inaug.-Dissert.  Lausanne,  1894,  pp.  12  and  44;  Guareschi, 
Einfuhrung  in  das  studium  der  Alkaloide.  p.  405. 

1895:     (1)     KEBLER,  L.  F.     Estimation  of  morphine  in  opium. 

J.  Soc.  Chem.  Ind.  14,  464;  Ber.  d.  Chem.  Ges.  29,  146,  R; 
J.  Chem.  Soc.  70,  ii,  403;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1895,  ii,  257. 

1895:     (2)     VEDR^DI,  V.     Estimation  of  nicotine  and  ammonia  in 
tobacco. 

Ztschr.  anal.  Chem.  34,  413;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  68,  ii,  541. 

1895:     (3)     KISSLING,  R.     Estimation  of  nicotine  and  ammonia  in 
tobacco. 

Ztschr.  anal.  Chem.  34,  731;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  70,  ii,  401. 

1895:     (4)     SOKOLOFF.     Estimation  of  caffeine  in  tea. 

Rev.  intern,  falsific.  8,  84;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1895,  i,  450. 


ALKALOIDAL  ESTIMATION.  33 

1895:     (5)     CRIPPS,  R.  A.     Assay  of  ipecac. 

Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (3)  25,  1093;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  70,  ii,  284. 

1895:  (6)  UMNEY,  J.  C.  Volumetric  estimation  of  aconitine  in 
pharmaceutical  preparations;  saponification  and  estima- 
tion of  acid  produced. 

Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (3)  25,  860;  Proc.  A.  Ph.  A.  1895,  539;  J. 
Chem.  Soc.  70,  ii,  283. 

1895:  (7)  KEBLER  and  LA  WALL.  Volumetric  estimation  of 
alkaloids,  with  comparison  of  various  indicators. 

Am.  J.  Pharm.  1895,  499;  Jsb.  d.  Pharm.  1895,  408;  Proc. 

A.  Ph.  A.  1896,  798 
J.  Am.  Chem.  Soc.  17,  822;'J.  Chem.  Soc.    70,  ii,  551; 

Chem.  Centrbl,  1895,  ii,  1090. 

1895:     (8)     VAN  LEDDEN-HULSEBOSCH.     Estimation  of  alkaloids. 
Pharm.  Centralh.  16,  205;  Ber.  d.  chem,  Ges.  28,  1066,  R. 

1895:  (9)  KELLER,  C.  C.  Estimations  of  alkaloids  in  nux 
vomica. 

Schweiz.  Wochens.  33,  452;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1896,  i,  228; 
J.  Chem.  Soc.  72,  ii,  84;  Chem.  Ztg.  19,  Ref.  392; 
Einf.  Stud.  Alk.  p.  504. 

1895:     (10)     MENDINI,  A.     Estimation  of  emetine. 

Boll.    chim.-farm.  1895,   590;  Rep.  de  Pharm.  1895,  515. 

1895:     (11)     KELLER,  C.  C.     Estimation  of  cocaine. 

Schweiz.  Wochens.  33,  453;  Guareschi  Einf.  Stud.  Alk. 
1896,  492. 

1895:     (12)     GERMAN  PHARMACOPOEIA  :     Assay  of  cinchona. 

Arzneibuch  f.  d.  deutsche  Reich,  1895,  p.  79. 

20  gin.  of  finely  powdered  bark  are  shaken  vigorously  and  repeatedly 
with  10  c.  c.  ammonia,  20  c.  c.  alcohol  and  170  c.  c.  ether,  and  after  24 
hours  100  c.  c.  of  the  clear  liquid  is  decanted.  Add  to  this  3  c.  c.  normal 
hydrochloric  acid  and  27  c.  c.  water,  and  distill  off  the  ether  and  alcohol, 
and  if  necessary,  add  enough  normal  hydrochloric  acid  to  make  slightly 
a<3id.  When  cold,  add  3  c.  c.  normal  caustic  potash,  or  enough  to  redden 
phenolphthalein,  and  filter.  The  precipitate  is  washed  repeatedly  with 
small  amounts  of  water  until  the  washings  are  no  longer  alkaline  (to 
phenolphthalein).  Press  gently  with  filter  paper,  and  dry,  first  over 
sulphuric  acid,  then  at  100°  and  weigh. 


34  ALKALOIDAL   ESTIMATION. 

1895:     (13)     GERMAN  PHARMACOPOEIA.     Assay  of  opium. 

Arzneibuch.  f .  d.  deutsche  Reich,  1895,  p.  236. 

Rub  up  in  a  mortar  6  gms.  powdered  opium  with  6  c.  c.  water;  dilute,, 
and  wash  the  mixture  with  water  into  a  weighed  flask,  and  make  up  to 
weight  of  54  gms.  Shake  repeatedly  during  an  hour,  and  filter  through 
a  plaited  filter  of  10  c.  m.  diameter.  To  42  gm.  of  the  filtrate  add  2  gin. 
of  a  mixture  of  17  parts  ammonia  and  83  parts  water,  mix  well  but  avoid 
excessive  shaking,  and  filter  at  once  through  plaited  filter.  36  gms.  of 
this  filtrate  is  placed  in  a  tared  flask,  10  gm.  ether  is  added,  the  flask  is 
shaken,  and  4  gm  of  the  ammonia  diluted  as  above,  and  the  shaking 
continued  until  the  liquid  has  cleared.  It  is  then  allowed  to  stand  6 
hours.  Pour  off  the  ethereal  layer  as  completely  as  possible  on  to  a 
plain  filter  of  8  c,  m.  diameter,  to  the  aqueous  liquid  add  10  gm.  ether, 
agitate  a  few  minutes  and  again  pour  off  the  ether.  Then  pour  the  water 
on  the  filter,  at  the  same  time  transferring  the  crystals;  wash  twice 
with  5  gm.  water  saturated  with  ether.  Dry  the  filter  at  100°,  transfer 
crystals  completely  to  the  flask.  Dry  to  constant  weight  and  weigh. 

1895:     (14)     VAN  ITALLIE.     Valuation  of  narcotic  extracts. 

Runds.  fur  Pharm.  21,  327;   Rep.  de  Pharm.  1895,  359. 

1896:  (1)  PRESCOTT,  A.  B.  Periodides  of  the  alkaloids  as 
molecular  forms  for  estimation. 

Pharm.  Rund.  1896,  123;  Proc.  A.  Ph.  A.  1896,  800;  J.  Am. 
Chem.  Soc  17,  859. 

1896:  (2)  BECKURTS,  H.  and  FRERICHS,  G.  Estimation  of  alka- 
loids in  pharmaceutical  extracts. 

Apoth.  Ztg.  11,  916;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1897,  i.  205. 

1896:     (3)     KELLER.     Process  for  alkaloidal  assay. 
Oest.  Ztschr.  Pharm.  1896,  154. 

1896:  (4)  KIPPENBERGER,  K.  New  method  for  quantitative 
isolation  of  alkaloids  from  ptomains,  using  periodide, 
acetone,  etc. 

Ztschr.  anal.  Chem.  35,  407;  Ber.  d.  Chem.  Ges.  22,  1009, 
R;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  70,  ii,  681;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1896, 
ii,  761. 

1896:  (5)  KIPPENBERGER,  K.  Titration  of  alkaloids  with  iodine 
solution. 

Ztschr.  anal.  Chem.  34,  294;  and  35,  10  and  422;  Ber.  d. 
chem.  Ges.  28,  796;  29,  598  and  1010,  R;  J.  Chem. 
68,  ii,  467,  and  70,  ii,  282  and  682;  Chem.  Centrbl. 
1896,  i,  515  and  ii,  762. 


ALKALOIDAL    ESTIMATION.  35 

1896:     (6)     BECKURTS,    H.     Estimation  of   hydrastine  and    ber- 
berine  in  extractum  hydrastis  canadensis. 

Apoth.  Ztg.  11,  552;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1896,  ii,  565;  Rep. 
de  Pharm.  1896,  413. 

1896:     (7)     HEGLAND,  J.  M.  A.     Separation    and  estimation   of 
hydrastine. 

Nederl.  Tijds.  Pharm.  8,  197;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1896,  ii,  454. 

1896:     (8)     ALLEN,  A.  H.     Titration  of  quinine,  and  its  relation 
to  indicators. 

Chem.  and  Drug.  1896,  22;  Analyst,  21,  85;  J.  Chem.  Soc. 
70,  ii,  584;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1896,  i,  1146. 

1896:     (9)     KRAMERS,  I.  G.     Estimation  of  quinine  salts  by  means 
of  sodium  nitroprusside. 

Rec.  Trav.  chim.,  15, 138;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  72,  ii,  83;  Chem. 
Centrbl.  1896,  ii,  602. 

1896:     (10)     HOWARD,  D.     Estimation  of  quinine. 

Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (4)  3,  505;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  72,  ii,  391. 

1896:     (11)     VEDRODI,  V.     Estimation  of  nicotine  and  ammonia  in 
tobacco. 

Ztschr.  anal.  Chem.  35,  309;  J.  Chem.  Soc.   70,  ii,  631; 
Chem.  Centrbl.  1896,  ii,  367. 

1896:     (12)     LOOFF,  G.     Estimation  of  morphine  in  opium,  gravi- 
metric. 

J.  Pharm.   Chim.  (6)  4,  312;  J.  Chem.  Soc.   72,  ii,  293; 
Chem.  Centrbl.  1896,  i,  1033;  Rep.  de  Pharm.  1896,  310. 

1896:     (13)     GUNN,  A.     Rapid  and  accurate  estimation   of  total 
alkaloids  in  coca  leaves. 

Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (4)  3, 249;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  72,  ii,  294;  Chem. 
Centrbl.  1896,  ii,  1012;  Rep.  de  Pharm.  1896,  512. 

1896:     (14)     PUCKNER,  W.  A.     Estimation  of  caffeine. 

J.  Am.  Chem.  Soc.  18,  978;  J,  Chem.  Soc.  72,  ii,  390. 

1896:     (15)     VAN  LEDDEN-HULSEBOSCH.     Estimation  of  caffeine 
in  tea,  gravimetric. 

Pharm.  Centralh.  36,  742;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1896,  i,  332;  J. 
Chem.  Soc.  72,  ii,  83. 


36  ALKALOIDAL  ESTIMATION. 

1896:     (16)     GANE.     Caffeine  in  tea. 

J.  Soc.  Chem.  Ind.  15,  95;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  74,  ii,  100;  Chem. 
Centrbl.  1896,  i,  873. 

1896:     (17)     GOMBERG,  M.     Use  of  Wagner's  reagent  for  estima- 
tion of  caffeine. 

J.  Am.  Soc.  18,  331  and  347;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  72,  i,  129; 
Chem.  Centrbl.  1896,  i,  1075. 

1896:     (18)     PETIT,  A.  and  TERRAT,   P.     Estimation   of   caffeine 
in  tea. 

J.  Pharm.  Chim.  3,  529;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  70,  ii,  629;  Bull. 
Soc.  Chim.  Paris,  15,  811;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1896,  ii,  214. 

1896:     (19)     DELACOUR.     Estimation  of  caffeine  in  tea,  coffee,  etc. 
Gravimetric. 

J.  Pharm.  Chim.  (6)  4,  490;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  72,  ii,  293. 

1896:     (20)     EMINOER,  A.     Estimation   of  theobromine  in  cacao 
preparations. 

Forschungsber.  Lebensm.  3,  275;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1896,  ii, 
808. 

1896:     (21)     DOTT,  D.  B.     Opium  assay. 

J.  Soc.  Chem.  Ind.  15,  91;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  74,  ii,  100. 

1896:     (22)     .     Assay  of  ipecac. 

Pharm.  Centralh,  1896,  763. 

£896:     (23)     SMITH,  C.  E.      Assay  of  nux  vomica.     Volumetric. 
Am.  J.  Pharm.  68,  No.  4;  Apoth.  Ztg.  1896,  386. 

1896:     (24)     ESCHENBURG,  H.     Assay  of  cinchona. 

Apoth.  Ztg.  1896,  147;  Rep.  de  Pharm.  1896,  215. 

1896:     (25)     GEORGES.     Estimation  of  caffeine. 

J.  Pharm.  Chim.  1896,  July  15;  Rep.  de  Pharm.  1896,  401; 
Viertelj.  Fortsch.  Chem.  Nahrungsm.  12,  47;  Ztschr. 
Csterr.  Apot.  V.  1897,  91;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1897,  ii,  506. 

1896:     (26)     KEBLER,  L.  F.     Assay  of  cinchona,   comparison  of 
methods. 

Am.  J.  Pharm.  1896,  79;  Rep.  de  Pharm.  1896,  508. 


ALKALOIDAL  ESTIMATION.  37 

1896:  (27)  DUNSTAN  and  TICKLE.  Estimation  of  aconitine. 
Decomposition,  distillation,  and  titration  of  acetic  acid 
formed. 

Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (4)  2, 121;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  72,  ii,  294. 

1897:     (1)     TASSILLY,  E.     Estimation  of  caffeine  in  coffee. 

Bull.  Soc.  Chim.  (3)  17,  761;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1897,  ii.  643. 

1897:  (2)  FORSTER,  A.  and  RIECHELMAN,  R.  Estimation  of 
caffeine  in  coffee. 

Ztschr.  f.  offentl.  Chem.  3,  129;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1897,  i, 
1259. 

1897:     (3)     KELLER,  C.  C.     Estimation  of  caffeine  in  tea. 

Ber.  d.  pharm.  Ges.  7,  105;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1897,  i,  1134. 

1897:  (4)  HILGER  and  JUCKENACK.  Estimation  of  caffeine  in 
tea  and  coffee. 

Apoth.  Ztg.  12,  145  and  422;  J.  Pharm.  Chim.  (6)  6,  184 
and  190;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  72,  ii,  611. 

1897:  (5)  MAUPY,  L.  Estimation  of  theobromine  in  cocoa  and 
chocolate. 

J.  Pharm.  Chim.  (6)  5,  329;   J.  Chem.  Soc.  72,  ii,  531; 
Chem.  Centrbl.  1897,  j,  1077. 

1897:  (6)  FARR,  E.  H.  and  WRIGHT,  R.  Estimation  of  alka- 
loids. 

Pharm.  J.  Trans.  1897,  58,  202;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  74,  101. 

1897:  (7)  FOUQUET,  L.  Separation  of  codeine  and  morphine, 
with  anisoil. 

J.  Pharm.  Chim.  (6)  5,  49;   J.  Chem.  Soc.  72,  ii,  390; 
Chem.  Centrbl.  1897,  i,  342. 

1897:  (8)  MONTEMARTINI  and  TRASCIATTI.  Estimation  of  mor- 
phine in  opium. 

Gaz.  chim.  ital.  27,  ii,  302;  Chem.  Centrbl.  1897,  ii,  1165. 

1897:  (9)  GRANDVAL  and  LAJOUX.  Estimation  of  morphine  in 
opium  and  opiates. 

J.  Pharm.  Chim.  (6)  5,  153;  J.  Chem.  Soc.  72,  ii,  391. 


38  ALKALOID AL    ESTIMATION. 

1898:     (1)     WENTZKY,  O.     Assay  of  drugs.     Resume  of  processes 
since  1880. 

Apoth.-Ztg.  13,  pp.  6,  15,  29,  36,  43  and  75. 

1898:     (2)     TRILLICH  and  GOECKEL.     Estimation  of  caffeine. 
Pharm.  Ztg.  42,  53;  Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (4)  6,  316. 

1898:     (3)     BRITISH  PHARMACOPOEIA.     Assay  of  belladonna. 

Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (4)  6,  368. 

Shake  10  c.  c.  of  the  fluid  extract  with  10  c.  c.  of  chloroform.  50  c.  c. 
of  water,  and  a  decided  excess  of  ammonia;  separate  the  chloroformic 
solution  and  twice  repeat  the  agitation  and  separation  with  chloroform. 
Shake  the  mixed  chloroformic  solutions  with  5  c.  c.  of  diluted  sulphuric 
acid,  mixed  with  twice  its  volume  of  warm  water,  separate,  and  repeat 
the  operation.  Wash  the  mixed  acid  liquids  with  3  c.  c.  of  chloroform, 
then  agitate  with  10  c.  c.  of  chloroform  and  an  excess  of  ammonia.  Sep- 
arate the  chloroformic  solution,  twice  repeat  the  agitation  and  separa- 
tion with  chloroform,  wash  the  mixed  chloroformic  solutions  with  5  c.  c. 
of  water  containing  1  drop  of  solution  of  ammonia,  evaporate  on  a  water 
bath,  dry  the  residue  at  100°  C.,  and  weigh.  Next  dissolve  the  residue 
in  10  c.  c.  of  decinormal  hydrochloric  acid,  neutralize  with  centinormal 
sodium  hydroxide,  using  tincture  of  cochineal  as  an  indicator,  deduct  the 
measure  of  soda  solution  from  100  c.  c. ,  and  multiply  the  remainder  by 
.00287.  The  product  will  be  the  weight  in  grams  of  alkaloids  present  in 
10  c.  c.  of  fluid  extract. 

1898:     (4)     BRITISH  PHARM ACOPCEIA.     Assay  of  cinchona,  tincture 
or  fluid  extract. 

Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (4)  6,  368. 

Place  5  c.  c.  of  the  fluid  extract  in  a  stoppered  glass  separator, 
together  with  25  c.  c.  of  water,  30  c.  c.  of  benzolated  amy]  alcohol,  and 
15  c.  c.  of  solution  of  potassium  hydroxide.  After  shaking  repeatedly, 
the  lower  dark-colored  alkaline  layer  that  separates  is  run  off  and  again 
shaken  with  30  c.  c.  of  benzolated  amyl  alcohol,  the  lower  layer  that  now 
separates  being  rejected.  The  two  upper  layers  containing  the  alkaloids 
in  solution  are  then  mixed,  washed  with  a  little  water,  and  agitated 
thoroughly  with  30  c.  c.  of  a  warm  mixture  of  1  volume  of  diluted  hydro- 
chloric acid  and  5  volumes  of  water.  This  operation  is  repeated  with 
the  alcoholic  liquor  that  separates,  and  the  two  acid  layers  are  subse- 
quently mixed.  The  alkaloids  are  then  shaken  out  with  10  c.  c.  of  chloro- 
form and  sunicient  solution  of  ammonia  to  impart  a  strongly  alkaline 
reaction;  the  agitation  and  separation  repeated  with  two  successive 


ALKALOIDAL  ESTIMATION.  39» 

quantities  of  10  c.  c.  of  chloroform,  the  chloroformic  liquids  mixed, 
evaporated  slowly,  the  residue  dried  at  110°  C.,  and  the  residual  alka- 
loids weighed. 

1898:     (5)     BRITISH   PHARMACOPOEIA.      Assay    of    ipecac,    fluid 
extract. 

Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (4)  6,  369. 

Dilute  20  c.  c.  of  the  extract  with  an  equal  bulk  of  water,  remove 
the  alcohol  by  the  aid  of  a  water  bath,  add  to  the  warm  solution  an 
excess  of  solution  of  lead  subacetate,  filter,  wash  the  precipitate  with 
water,  and  add  the  washings  to  the  filtrate.  Remove  excess  of  lead  from 
filtrate  by  precipitation  with  dilute  sulphuric  acid,  filter,  wash,  and  add 
the  washings  to  the  filtrate.  Transfer  filtrate  to  a  separator,  add  excess 
of  solution  of  ammonia  (s.  g.  0.959),  and  agitate  with  25  c.  c.  of  chloro- 
form. Separate  and  set  aside  the  chloroformic  solution,  and  twice 
repeat  the  agitation  with  chloroform  and  the  subsequent  separation. 
Then  mix  the  chloroformic  solutions,  evaporate,  dry  at  a  temperature 
below  80°  C.,  and  weigh  the  residue  of  total  alkaloids. 

1898:     (6)     BRITISH  PHARMACOPOEIA.     Assay  of  nux  vomica,  fluid 
extract. 

Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (4)  6,  369. 

Evaporate  10  c.  c.  to  a  thick  syrup  on  a  water-bath,  dissolve  the  resi- 
due in  20  c.  c.  of  water,  heating  if  necessary,  place  the  solution  in  a  sep- 
arator, and  shake  out  with  5  gm.  of  sodium  carbonate  dissolved  in  25  c 
c.  of  water,  together  with  10  c.  c.  of  chloroform.  Separate,  and  twice 
repeat  the  operation  with  chloroform  only.  Then  mix  6  c.  c.  of  dilute 
sulphuric  acid  with  25  c.  c.  of  water,  divide  the  mixture  into  three  parts, 
and  shake  the  mixed  chloroformic  solutions  with  each  in  turn.  Mix  the 
acid  liquids,  dilute  with  water  to  175  c.  c.  and  shake  well  and  frequently 
in  a  stoppered  flask  during  half  an  hour  with  25  c.  c.  of  potassium  ferro- 
cyanide  solution  (10  gms.  in  200  c.  c.)  The  precipitate  formed  is  trans- 
ferred to  a  filter,  the  flask  rinsed  with  water  containing  one-fortieth  its 
volume  of  dilute  sulphuric  acid  and  the  precipitate  washed  till  the  wash- 
ings are  free  from  bitterness.  Next  shake  the  precipitate  in  a  separator 
with  5  c.  c.  of  solution  of  ammonia,  add  15  c.  c.  of  chloroform  in  two 
successive  solutions,  evaporate  in  a  counterpoised  dish  in  a  current  of 
warm  air,  the  dish  being  covered  to  avoid  loss  of  strychnine.  The  resi- 
due is  dried  for  1  hour  on  a  water-bath,  and  then  weighed. 


40  ALKALOIDAL  ESTIMATION. 

1898:     (7)     BRITISH  PHARMACOPOEIA.     Assay  of  opium  tincture. 

Pharm.  J.  Trans.  (4)  6,  380. 

Evaporate  80  c.  c.  to  30  c.  c.  mixing  the  residue  with  3  gm.  of  freshly- 
slaked  lime,  adding  water  to  85  c.  c.,  and  setting  aside  for  half  an  hour, 
stirring  occassionally.  Next,  filter  off  50  c.  c.  of  the  tincture,  add  5  c.  c. 
of  90$  alcohol  and  30  c.  c.  of  ether,  shake,  and  add  2  gm.  of  ammonium 
chloride.  Shake  well  and  frequently  during  half  an  hour,  set  aside  for 
12  hours  for  the  morphine  to  separate,  filter,  wash  with  morphinated 
water,  and  dry  the  crystals  first  by  gentle  pressure  between  filter  paper, 
then  at  55°  or  60°  C.,  and  finally  at  110°  C.  for  two  hours.  Weigh  the 
crystals,  and  titrate  0.3  gm.  with  decinormal  solution  of  sulphuric  acid 
until  the  liquid,  after  boiling,  slightly  reddens  blue  litmus  paper.  Add 
to  the  weight  of  anhydrous  morphine,  thus  indicated,  0.05  gm.  to  cover 
loss. 

PART  II.— INDEX   OF   AUTHORS. 

ADRIAN  and  GALLOIS.     1887.     (16)    Opium. 
ALESSANDRI.    1882.     (5)    Cinchona  alkaloids. 
ALLEN,  A.  H.     1891.    (8)    Aconite. 

"  1892.     (2)    Use  of  methyl  orange. 

"  1892.     (3)    Volumetric  estimation. 

"  1896.     (8)    Titration  of  quinine. 

ARNDT,  E.  M.    1890.     (18)    Emetine. 

BARTHE  L.     1892.     (5)    Volumetric  estimation. 

"  1892.     (6)    Quinine  and  cinchona  alkaloids. 

BARTHEL,  G.  and  DIETERICH,  E.    1888.    (13)    Morphine. 
BECK,  C.  R.     1892.    (17)    Ipecac. 
BECKURTS,  H.     1887.    (9)    Morphine. 

"  1889.     (2)     Strychnine,  brucine,  and  general  process. 

"  1890.     (5)    Strychnine. 

"  1891.     (9)    Nux  vomica,   aconite,   belladonna  and  hyos- 

cyamus. 

"  1894.     (4)    General  process. 

"  1896.     (6)    Hydrastine  and  berberine. 

"  andFRERicns.     1896.     (2)    General  process. 

"  "    HOLST.     1887.    (25)    Strychnine  and  brucine. 

"  "        "  1887.    (26)    Strychnine,  alkalimetric. 

"  (i    SCHRAVT.     1887    (11)    Morphine. 

BERNHARDT,  \V.    1884.    (2)    Morphine. 
BIEL,  J.     1882.     (6)    Cinchona. 


ALKALOIDAL  ESTIMATION.  41 

BiEL,J.     1887.    (21)    Morphine. 

"          1888.     (8)    Nicotine. 
BIETRIX  and  CAZENEUVE.    1892.     (15)    Caffeine. 
BIRD,  F.  C.  J.     1887.     (10)    Morphine. 
1892.     (10)    Emetine. 
BLUNT,  T.  P.    1889.     (10)    Emetine. 

"  1890.     (13)    Emetine,  alkalimetric. 

BLYTH,  A.  W.     1877.    (1)    Caffeine. 
1881.     (7)    Quinine. 

BRAITHWAITE  and  FARR.     1886.     (14)    Morphine. 
BRUNNER,  H.     1894.     (8)    Caffeine  and  theobromiue. 

"  and  LEINS,  H.     1893.    (10)    Caffeine  and  theobromine. 

CANNEPIN  and  VAN  EIJK.     1893.     (12)    Morphine. 
CARLES.    1872.     (2)    Quinine. 

CASPARI,  C.  and  DOHME,  R.  L.     1893.     (17)    Assay  by  titration. 
CAVENDONI.     1888.     (14)    General  process. 
CAZENEUVE  and  CAILLOL.     1877.    (2)    Piperine. 
"     BIETRIX.     1892.    (15)    Caffeine. 

CHRISTIANSEN,  A.     1890.     (4)    General  process,  iodometric. 
CLAASEN,  E.     1890.     (12)    Codeine  and  morphine. 
COBLENTZ.     1885.     (2)    Atropine. 
CONROY,  M.     1883.     (4)    Strychnine. 

1884.     (1)    Morphine. 
COWNLEY  and  PAUL.    1887.     (27)    Caffeine  in  coffee. 

"          "        "         1887.     (28)    Caffeine  in  tea. 
CRIPPS,  R.  A.     1887.     (32)     Coniine. 

1895.     (5)    Emetine. 

and  WITHBY,  A.     1889.    (17)    Emetine. 
CUSHMAN,  A.  S.     1894.    (11)    Strychnine  in  corpses. 

DELACOUR.    1896.    (19)    Caffeine. 

DE  VRIJ,  J.  E.     1880.     (6)    Quinine  as  herapathite. 

"  1882.     (2)    General  process  for  barks. 

"  1882.     (3)    Quinine  as  herapathite. 

"  1885.     (6)    Quinine  as  oxalate. 

"  1885.     (7)     Cinchonidine  in  quinine  sulphate. 

"  1885.     (3)    Quinine  in  sulphate. 

"  1885.     (9)    Cinchona  alkaloids. 

"  1886.     (12)    Quinine  as  chromate. 

DEWus,  B.C.  J.    1893.    (11)    Morphine. 
DIETERICH,  E.     1885.     (18)    Morphine. 


42  ALKALOIDAL  ESTIMATION. 

DIETERICH.  E.     1887.  (12)  Morphine. 

1887.  (24)  Strychnine. 

1889.  (1)  Morphine. 

1890.  (10)  Morphine. 

"  1890.     (11)    Morphine  and  emetine. 

"  1894.      (5)     Discussion  of  methods. 

"  and  BARTHEL.     1888.    (13)    Morphine. 

DOHME,  R.  L.  and  CASPARI,  C.    1893.     (17)    Assay  by  titration. 
DOMERGUE  and  NICOLAS.     1892.     (14)    Caffeine. 
Dorr,  D.  B.     1894.     (12)     Morphine,  alkalimetric. 

1896.    (21)     Opium  assay. 
DRAGENDORFF.    1874.    (2)    Strychnine. 

"  1878.     (4)    Theobromine. 

DUNSTAN,  W.  R.  and  SHORT.    1883.     (5)    Strychnine.  • 

1883.     (6)    Strychnine  and  brucine. 
"  and  RANSOM.     1884.    (7)    Atropine. 

1885.     (1)    Atropine. 

"  and  TICKLE.     1896.     (27)    Aconitine. 

DWARS.     1878.     (5)    Quinine 

\  L879.     (1)    Quinine  and  strychnine. 

EGELING.  1890.  (3)  Strychnine. 
EMINGER,  A.  1896.  (20)  Theobromine. 

"  and  HILGER.     1894.     (9)    Theobromine. 

ESCHENBURG,  H.    1896.     (24)    Cinchona. 
EYKMAN.     1881.     (8)    Cinchona. 

FAIRTHORNE.     1882.    (13)    Cinchona. 

FARR,  E.  H.  and  BRAITHWAITE.     1886.    (14)    Morphine. 

"  and  WRIGHT,  R.    1894.    (2)    Discussion  of  methods. 

"  "  1897.     (6)    Estimation  of  alkaloids. 

FAWSSETT.  1889.  (13)  Cinchona. 
FLEURY,  G.  1879.  (8)  Morphine. 
FLUECKIGER,  F.  A.  1879.  (9)  Morphine. 

1885.  (17)     Morphine. 

1886.  (17)    Emetine. 
i«                     1889.     (5)    Morphine. 

FORSTER  and  RIECHELMANN.    1897.     (2)    Caffeine. 
FOUQUET,  L.    1897.    (7)     Codeine  and  morphine. 
FRERICHS,  G.  and  BECKURTS.    1896.    (2)    General  process. 

GALLOIS  and  ADRIAN,    1887.    (16)    Morphine. 
GANE.     1896.     (16)    Caffeine. 


ALKALOIDAL    ESTIMATION.  43 

GEORGES.    1896.    (25)    Caffeine. 
GEROCK,  J.  E.    1889.     (6)    Bmcine  and  strychnine. 
GERRARD,  A.  W.    1882.    (12)    Atropine. 
GCEBEL,  H.     1887.    (17)    Morphine. 

"  1889.     (3)    Quinine  and  cinchonidine. 

GCECKEL  and  TRILUCH.  '  1898.     (2)    Caffeine. 
GOMBERG,  M.     1896.     (17)    Caffeine. 
GRANDVAL,  A.,  and  LAJOUX,  H.    1893.     (6)     Caffeine. 

1893.    (18)    General  process. 

1893.    (19)    Emetine,  cocaine,   and    cin- 
chona. 

1897.     (9)     Morphine. 
GROVES,  T.  B.     1864.     General  process. 
GUILLOT.    1892.     (16)    Caffeine. 
GUNN,  A.    1896.    (13)    Coca  alkaloids. 

HAGER.    1880.     (4)    Cinchona  alkaloids. 

1881.     (2)    Alkaloids  as  picrates. 

1883.     (1)    Method  of  extraction. 
HAUBENSAK,  W.    1891.     (4)    Cinchona. 
HEGLAND,  J.  M.  A.    1896.    (7)    Hydrastine. 
HEINTZ,  E.     1878.    (2)    Method  of  extraction. 
HERETH,  F.  S.     1886.    (1)    Method  of  titration. 
HESSE,  O.     1880.    (7)    Quinine. 

1881.    (6)    Cinchonidine. 
HEUT,  G.    1893.    (13)    Coniine  and  nicotine. 
HILBIG,  C.     1880.    (5)    Cinchona. 
HILGER  and  EMINGER.     1894.     (9)    Theobroniine. 

"        "    JUCKENACK.     1897.    (4)    Caffeine. 
HINSDALE,  S.  J.    1890.     (4)    Morphine. 
HOLDERMAN.     1889.     (9)    Morphine,  iodometric. 
HOLST  and  BECKURTS.    1887.    (25)    Strychnine  and  brucine. 

1887.     (26)    Strychnine. 
HOOPER,  D.     1886.     (10)    Quinine. 
HOWARD,  D.    1896.    (10)    Quinine. 

JANDONS,  A.     1887.    (20)    Morphine. 
JOHNSTONE,  W.     1889.    (11)    Piperine. 
JONES,  H.  W.     1886.    (16)    Emetine. 
JUCKENACK  and  HILGER.    1897.    (4)    Caffeine. 

KASPAR.     1886.    (11)    Cinchona. 
KEBLER,  L.  F.    1895.     (1)     Morphine. 


44  ALKALOIDAL    ESTIMATION. 

KEBLER,  L.  F.    1896.  (26)  Cinchona. 

"  and  LA  WALL.     1895.    (7)    Volumetric  process. 

KELLER,  C.  C.    1892.  (12)  Emetine. 

"  1893.  (1)  Cinchona. 

1893.  (2)  Emetine. 

1893.  (3)  Emetine. 

1893.      (4)  Strychnine. 

1893.  (7)  Strychnine. 

1894.  (1)  General  process. 

1894.  (13)    Hydrastine. 

1895.  (9)     Strychnine. 
1895.     (11)    Cocaine. 

"  1896.     (3)     General  process. 

1897.     (3)      Caffeine. 
KERNER,  G.    1880.    (8)    Quinine. 
KIPPENBERGER,  K.     1896.     (4)    Separation  of  alkaloids  from  ptomaines. 

"  1896.     (5)     General  iodometric  process. 

KISSEL.    1882.    (4)    Cinchona. 
KISSLING,  R.     1882.     (10)    Nicotine. 

1882.  (11)    Nicotine. 

1883.  (2)     Nicotine. 

"  1889.     (9)     Nicotine,  polariscopic. 

1895.     (3)     Nicotine  and  ammonia. 
KOTTMEYER,  G.     1892.     (11)    Emetine. 
KRAMERS,  I.  G.     1896.    (9)    Quinine. 
KREMEL,  A.    1887.     (3)     Aconite. 

1887.  (14)     Morphine. 

"  1888.      (I)     Emetine,  hydrastine  and  berberine. 

1888.  (2)     Strychnine. 
1888.     (7)     Caffeine. 

"  1891.     (10)     Coniine. 

KUNZE,  W.  E.     1894.     (6)    Caffeine  and  theobromine. 
KUERSTEINER,  C.     1892.     (8)     Cinchona. 

LAJOUX,  H.  and  GRANDVAL,  A.     1893.     (6)     Caffeine. 

"  "  1893.     (18)    General  process. 

"  ««  1893.    (19)    Emetine,    cocaine,    and  cin- 

chona. 

"  1897.     (9)     Morphine. 

LALIEN.     1885.    (15)    Morphine. 
LAMBERT,  A.     1891.    (1)    Morphine. 
LANDRIN.     1889    (18)    Cinchona. 


ALKALOEDAL  ESTIMATION.  45 

LANGLOIS  and  FORTES.     1881.     (1)    Morphine. 

LA  WALL  and  KEBLER.    1895.    (7)    Comparison  of  indicators. 

LEINS,  H.     1894.     (14)     Caffeine  and  theobromine. 

"        and  BRUNNER,  H.     1893.     (10)    Caffeine  and  theobromine. 
LENZ,  W.     1888.    (4)    Quinine,  comparison  of  methods. 
LIEUNNIGH,  F.     1893.    (22)    General  process. 
LIGNON.     1S87.     (33)    Emetine. 
LILLY.     1887.    (2)    Atropine,  and  general  process. 
LLOYD,  J.  U.     1885.     (11)    Berberine. 

1891.      (2)     General  process. 
LOOFF,  G.     1890.      (7)     Morphine. 
"  1890.     (8)     Morphine. 

1896.     (12)     Morphine. 
LCESCH,  A.     1879.     (5)     General  process. 

"  1879.     (6)     General  process.  . 

1887.     (31)    Caffeine. 
LYNN,  J.     1876.    (3)    Morphine. 
LYONS,  A.  B.     1884.      (6)     General  process. 
"  1885.     (12)     Emetine. 

"  1885.     (13)    Strychnine. 

1886.      (3)     Berberine. 
1886.      (4)     Hydrastine. 
1886.      (5)      Physostigmine. 
"  1886.      (6)     Strychnine. 

1886.      (7)     Discussion  of  methods. 
1886.      (8)     Cocaine. 
1886.      (9)      Cinchona. 

MACEwEN.     1887.     (34)     Physostigmine. 
MARKOWNIKOFF,  B  W.    1876.    (2)    Caffeine. 
MASING,  E.     1877.     (3)    Veratrine  and  physostigmine. 
MAUPY,  L.     1897.     (5)    Theobromine. 
MEINERT  and  WRAMPELMEIER.    1886.    (.18)    Opium. 
MENDINI,  A.     1895.     (10)     Emetine. 
MEYER,  H.    1882.     (7)    Cinchona. 
MEYER,  A.     1893.     (5)    Emetine. 
MONTEMARTINI  and  TRASCIATTI.     1897.     (8)    Morphine. 
MYLIUS,  E.     1880.     (9)     Opium  alkaloids. 
"  1881.     (10)     Morphine. 

NAGELVOORT,  J.  B.     1890.     (22)    Morphine. 

NEUMAN,  S.     1889.    (14)    Quinine. 


46  ALKALOID  AL  ESTIMATION. 

NICHOLS,  H.  T.,  and  NORTON,  T.  H.     1892.     (1)     Examination    of   Lloyd's 

method. 
NICOLAS  and  DOMERGUE.    1892.     (14)    Caffeine. 

PARTHEIL,  A.     1892.     (4)    lodo-eosin  as  indicator. 
PATRONOUILLARD.     1880.    (3;    Caffeine. 
PAUL,  B.  H.    1891.    (6)    Caffeine. 

"        and  COWNLEY.     1887.     (27)    Caffeine  in  coffee. 

"  1887.     (28)    Caffeine  in  tea. 

PETIT,  A.     1879.     (7)     Morphine. 

"        and  TERRAT,  P.    1896.    (18)    Caffeine. 
PEZZOLATO,  A.     1891    (7)    Nicotine. 
PHARMACOPOEIA,  British.    1885.    (19)    Cinchona. 

"  "          1885.     (20)    Nux  vomica. 

.1885.     (21)    Opium. 
1898.      (3)     Belladonna. 
"  "  1898.      (4)     Cinchona. 

"  1898.      (5)     Ipecac. 

"  "  1898.      (6)     Nux  vomica. 

"'         1898.     (7)      Opium. 
U.  S.        1890.     (19)    Cinchona. 
"  "  1890.     (20)    Nux  vomica. 

1890.     (21)    Opium. 
German.     1895.     (12)     Cinchona. 

1895.     (13)    Opium. 
PINETTE,  J.     1892.     (9)     Nicotine. 
PLUGGE,  P.  C.     1887.    (1)    General  volumetric  process. 

"  1887.    (13)    Separation  of  opium  alkaloids. 

POEHL.     1881.     (9)     Pilocarpine. 
POPOVICI,  M.     1889.     (8)    Nicotine. 
PORTES  and  LANGLOIS.    1881.     (1)    Morphine. 
PRESCOTT,  A.  B.     1877.      (5)     Quinine. 

1879.     (11)    Morphine. 
"  1880.      (1)     General  process. 

1896.     (1)     Periodides. 

"  and  THUM.    1878.     (1)    Cinchona,  comparison  of  methods. 

PROLLIUS.     1881.    (4)    Cinchona. 
PRUNIER,  L.    1879.    (3)    Cinchona. 
PUCKNER,  W.  A.     1896.    (14)    Caffeine. 

RANSOM,  F.    1887.     (5)    Emetine. 

"         and  DUNSTAN.     1884.     (7)    Belladonna. 


ALKALOIDAL    ESTIMATION.  47 

RANSOM,  F.  and  DUNSTAN.     1885.    (1)    Belladonna. 
RANWEZ.     1893.     (16)    Aconite,  hyoscyarnus  and  cicuta. 
REDWORD.     1884.     (8)    Belladonna. 
RICHMOND  and  SEATON.     1890.     (6)    Quinine. 
RIECHELMANN  and  FORSTER.    1897.     (2)    Caffeine. 
ROTHER.     1880.     (11)     Opium. 
RUDDIMAN,  E.  A.     1887.     (22)    Quinine. 

SARNOW  and  SCHWEISSINGER.    1890.    (2)    General  process. 

SCHACHT,  C.    1881.     (5)    Quinine. 

SCH^EFER,  L.     1887.    (23)    Cinchonidine. 

SCHEFFER,  E.     1885.     (5)    Nicotine. 

SCHEIBE,  E.    1883.     (7)    Morphine. 

SCHEIBLER.     1886.     (2)    General  process. 

SCHLICKUM,  O.     1887.     (15)    Morphine. 

SCHMIDT,  J.  H.    1892.     (7)    Quinine. 

SCHMITT,  E.    1880.     (10)    Opium. 

SCHRAGE,  F.     1878.    (3)    Cinchona. 

SCHRAUT,  A.,  and  BECKURTS,  H.    1887.    (11)    Morphine. 

SCHWEISSINGER.     1885.     (14)    Strychnine  and  brucine. 

"  and  SARNOW.     1890.     (2)    General  process. 

SCHWICKERATH,  K.    1894.     (3)    General  process. 
SEATON  and  RICHMOND.    1890.    (6)    Quinine. 
SHIMOYANO,  Y.    1883.     (3)    Cinchona. 
1885.    (10)    Cinchona. 
SHORT  and  DUNSTAN.     1883.    (5)    Strychnine. 

"  "  1883.    (6)    Strychnine  and  brucine. 

SKALWEIT,  J.     1881.     (3)    Nicotine. 
"  1882.     (9)    Nicotine. 

SMITH,  E.  D.    1887.    (29)     Caffeine. 
SMITH,  C.  E.     1896.     (23)    Nux  vomica. 

SMITH,  J.  D.,  and  TESCHEMACHER,  E.  F.    1888.    (11)    Morphine. 
SNOW,  H.  W.     1886.    (13)    Caffeine. 
1887.     (6)     Emetine. 

"  1888.     (5)     General  process,  Mayer's  reagent. 

"  1888.     (6)     Genera]  process,  phospho-molybdic  acid. 

"  1889.     (7)     Strychnine  and  brucine. 

SOKOLOFF,  N.     1876.     (1)    Caffeine. 
1893.     (8)    Caffeine. 
1895.     (4)    Caffeine. 
SPENCER,  G.  L.    1890.    (15)    Caffeine. 
1891.      (5)     Caffeine. 


48  ALKALOIDAL    ESTIMATION. 

SQUIBB,  E.  R.    1882.  (1)  Morphine. 

1882.  (8)  Cinchona. 

1884.  (4)  Cocaine. 

1884.  (5)  Caffeine. 

1885.  (3)  Atropine. 
1885.  (4)  Cocaine. 
1887.  (4)  Cocaine. 

1887.  (19)  Morphine. 

1888.  (9)    Cocaine. 
1888.    (10)  Morphine. 

STILWELL,  C.  M.    1887.    (8)    Morphine. 
STCEDEK,  W.    1894.    (10)    Cortex  granati. 
SUESS,  P.    1890.     (16)    Theobromine. 
1893.      (9)     Theobromine. 

TASSILLY,  E.    1897.    (1)    Caffeine. 

TERRAT,  P.,  and  PETIT,  A.    1896.    (18)    Caffeine. 

TESCHEMACHER,  E.  F.    1877.    (4)    Morphine. 

and  SMITH,  J.  D.     1888.     (11)     Morphine. 
THIEL,  J.    1894.     (7)    Theobromine. 
THOMPSON,  F.  A.    1890.    (17)    Coniine. 

"  1891.     (3)     General  process. 

"  1893.    (15)    Hydrastine  and  berberine. 

THRESH,  J.  C.     1880.     (2)    Volumetric  method. 
THUM  and  PRESCOTT.     1878    (9)    Cinchona. 
TICKLE  and  DUNSTAN.    1896.    (27)    Aconitine. 
TRASCIATTI  and  MONTEMARTINI.    1897.    (8)    Morphine. 
TRAUB.    1892.    (13)    General  iodometric  process. 
TRILLICH  and  GCECKEL.    1898.    (2)    Caffeine. 

UMNEY,  J.  C.    1895.    (6)    Aconitine. 

VAN  DER  MARK.    1889.    (12)    Cocaine. 

1889.     (16)    Strychnine. 

VAN  EIJK  and  CANNEPIN.     1893.     (12)    Morphine. 
VAN!TALLIE.     1888.    (15)    Atropine. 

1889.-  (15)  Alkalimetric  process. 
1890.  (1)  Alkalimetric  process. 
1895.  (14)  General  process. 

VAN  LEDDEN-HULSEBOSCH.    1893.    (21)    General  process. 
"  "  1895.      (8)     General  process. 

1896.     (15)    Caffeine. 


ALKALOIDAL    ESTIMATION. 


49 


VAN  ZWALUWENBERG,  A.    1887.    (7)    Bibliography  of  opium  assay. 
VEDRCEDI,  V.    1893.     (14)    Nicotine,  comparison  of  methods.    - 
"  1895.     (2)     Nicotine  and  ammonia. 

. "  1896.     (11)     Nicotine  and  ammonia. 

VENTURINI,  V.     1886.     (15)    Morphine,  comparison  of  methods. 
VITALI,  D.     1893.     (20)    General  process  for  chlorides  and  sulphates. 
VITE,  F.     1890.     (14)    Caffeine. 
VON  PERGER.    1884.     (3)    Morphine. 

WAAGE,  TH.    1887.    (30)    Caffeine. 
WAGNER.     1861.    Periodide  method. 
WAINWRIGHT.    1885.    (16)    Morphine. 
WENTZKY,  O.     1898.    (1)    Resume  of  processes. 
WIEDA.     1888.     (3)     Cinchona,  resume  of  25  processes. 
WILEY,  C.  D.     1887.     (18)    Morphine. 
WILLIAMS,  R.    1888.     (12)    Morphine. 
WITHBY,  A.,  and  CRIPPS,  R.  A.     1889.    (17)    Emetine. 
WOLFRAM,  G.    1879.     (4)    Theobromine. 
WRAMPELMEIER  and  MEINERT.    1886.    (18)    Opium. 
WRIGHT,  R.,  and  FARR,  E.  H.     1894.     (2)     Discussion  of  methods. 
"  "  1897.     (6)    General  process. 

YVON.     1879.     (2)    Morphine. 

ZINOFFSKY.    1872.     (1)    General  volumetric  method. 
1874.    (1)     Coniine. 


ACONITINE. 


ATROPINE. 


PART   III.— SUBJECT  INDEX. 


Kremel. 

Allen. 

Umney. 

Dunstan  and  Tickle. 

Gerrard. 

Dunstan  and  Ransom. 

Redword. 

Dunstan  and  Ransom. 

Coblentz. 

Squibb. 

Van  Itallie. 

British  Pharmacopolia. 


1887. 

(3) 

'91. 

(8) 

'95. 

(6) 

'96. 

(27) 

1882. 

(12) 

'84. 

(?) 

'84. 

(8) 

'85. 

U) 

'85. 

(2) 

'85. 

(3) 

'88. 

(15) 

'98. 

(3) 

50  ALKALOIDAL    ESTIMATION. 

BERBERINE.     1885.    (11)    Lloyd. 
'86.     (3)     Lyons. 
"  '88.      (1)     Kremel. 

'93.    (15)    Thompson. 
"  '96.     (6)     Beckurts. 

BRUCINE.    1883.     (6)     Dunstan  and  Short. 
"  '85.    (14)    Schweissinger. 

'87.    (25)     Beckurts  and  Hoist. 
'89.     (2}     Beckurts. 
"  '89.     (6)     Gerock. 

"  '8*9.     (7)     Snow. 

"  See  also  strychnine. 

CAFFEINE.     1876.     (2)  Markownikoff. 

'77.  (1)  Blyth. 

'80.  (3)  Patronouillard. 

'84.  (5)  Squibb. 

'86.  (13)  Snow. 

'87.  (27)  Cownley  and  Paul. 

"  '87.  (28)  Cownley  and  Paul. 

'87.  (29)  E.  D.  Smith. 

'87.  (30)  Waage. 

'87.  (31)  Loesch. 

'88.  (7)  Kremel. 

'90.  (14)  Vite. 

"  '90.  (15)  Spencer. 

"  '91.  (5)  Spencer. 

'91.  (6)  Paul. 

"  '92.  (14)  Domergue  and  Nicolas. 

'92.  (15)  Cazeneuve  and  Bietrix. 

"  '92.  (16)  Guillot. 

"  '93.  (6)  Grand val  and  Lajoux. 

'93.  (8)  Sokoloff. 

"  '93.  (10)  Brunner  and  Leins. 

'94.      (6)  Kunze. 

'94.  (8)  Brunner. 

'94.  (14)  Leins,  A. 

"  '95.  (4)  Sokoloff. 

"  '96.  (14)  Puckner. 

"  '96.  (15)  Van  Ledden-Hulsebosch. 

'96.  (16)  Gane. 

'96.  (17)  Gomberg. 


ALKALOIDAL   ESTIMATION.  51 

CAFFEINE,    1896.    (18)    Petit  and  Terrat. 
"  '96.     (19)    Delacour. 

'96.    (25)    Georges. 
'97.     (1)     Tassilly. 

"  '97.     (2)     Forster  and  Riechelmann. 

'97.     (3)     Keller. 
'97.     (4)     Hilger  and  Juckenack. 
'98.     (2)     Trillion  and  Goeckel. 
CEPHAELIN,  see  IPECAC. 
CINCHONA  ALKALOIDS: 

CINCHONIDINE.  1881.     (6)     Hesse. 
'85.      (7)     DeVrij. 
'87.     (23)    Schaefer. 
'89.     (3)     Gcebel. 
QUININE.    1872.     (2)     Carles. 

'77.     (5)     Fresco  tt. 
"  '78.      (5)     Dwars. 

'79.     (1)     Dwars. 

'79.    (10)     

'80.     (6)     DeVrij. 
'80.      (7)     Hesse. 
'80.     (8)     Kerner. 
'81.     (7)     Blyth. 
'82.      (3)      DeVrij. 
'85.     (6)     DeVrij. 
'85.      (8)    DeVrij. 
'85.    (19)    British  Pharmacopoeia. 
'86.    (10)    Hooper. 
'86.     (12)     DeVrij. 
'87.    (22)    Ruddiman. 
'88.      (4)     Lenz. 
'89.     (3)     Goebel. 
'89.     (14)    Neumann. 
'90.     (6)      Seaton  and  Richmond. 
'90.    (19)    U.  S.  Pharmacopoeia. 
'92.'    (7)     J.  H.  Schmidt. 
"  '95.    (12)    German  Pharmacopoeia. 

"  '96.     (8)     Allen. 

'96.     (9)     Kramers. 
'96.    (10)    Howard. 

TOTAL  ALKALOIDS.    1878.    (1)    Prescott  and  Thum. 
'78.     (3)     Schrage. 


52  ALKALOIDAL  ESTIMATION. 

CINCHONA,  Continued: 

TOTAL  ALKALOIDS.    1879.  (3)    Prunier. 

'80.  (4)     Hager. 

'80.  (5)     Hilbig. 

'81.  (4)    Prollius. 

'81.  (5)    Schacht. 

'81.  (8)     Eykman. 

'82.  (2)    De  Vrij. 

'82.  (4)     Kissel. 

'82.  (5)    Alessandri. 

?82.  (6)    Biel. 

'82.  (7)    H.  Meyer. 

'82.  (8)    Squibb. 

'82.  (13)    Fairthorne. 

'83.  (3)    Shimoyana. 

'85.  (9)    DeVrij. 

'85.  (10)  Shimoyana. 

'86.  (9)    Lyons. 

'86.  (11)  Kaspar. 

'88.  (3)     Wieda. 

'^9.  (13)  Fawsett. 

'89.  (18)  Landrin. 

'91.  (4)    Haubensak. 

'92.  (6)     Barthe. 

'92.  (8)    Kuersteiner. 

'93.  (1)    Keller. 

'96.  (24)  Eschenburg. 

'96.  (26)  Kebler. 

"                       '98.  (4)    British  Pharmocopoeia. 
COCAINE.    1884.    (4)    Squibb. 
'85.     (4)    Squibb. 
'86.     (8)    Lyons. 
'87.     (4)    Squibb. 
'88.    (9)    Squibb. 
'89.   (12)    Van  der  Mark. 
'95.    (11)   Keller. 
'96.    (13)    Gunn. 
CODEINE.    1887.    (13)    Plugge. 
"             '90.     (12)    Claasen. 
"             '97.      (7)    Fouquet. 
CONIINE.     1874.    (1)    Zinoffsky. 
'76.     (1)    Sokoloff. 
'87.    (32)    Cripps. 


ALKALOIDAL  ESTIMATION.  53 

CONIINE     1890.    (17)    Thompson. 
'91.    (10)    Kremel. 
'93.    (13)    Heut. 

EMETINE,  see  IPECAC. 
ESERINE,  see  PHYSOSTIGMINE. 

GENERAL  PROCESSES.    1861.  Wagner. 

'64.  Groves. 

'78.  (2)    Heintz. 

'79.  (5)     Lcesch. 

'79.  (6)    Loesch. 

'80.  (1)    Prescott. 

'81.  (2)    Hager. 

'83.  U)    Hager. 

'84.  (6)    Lyons. 

'86.  (2)    Scheibler. 

'87.  (2)    Lilly. 

'88.  (5)    Snow. 

'88.  (14)  Cavendoni. 

'89.  (2)    Beckurts. 

'91.  (2)    Lloyd. 

'91.  (3)     Thompson. 

'91.  (9)    Beckurts. 

'92.  (1)    Nichols  and  Norton. 

'93.  (16)  Ranwez. 

'93.  (18)  Grandval  and  Lajoux. 

'93.  (19)  Grandval  and  Lajoux. 

'93.  (21)  Van  Ledden-Hulsebosch. 

'93.  (22)  Lieunnigh. 

*94.  (1)    Keller. 

'94.  (2)    Farr  and  Wright. 

'94.  (3)    Schwickerath. 

'94.  (4)    Beckurts. 

'94.  (5)    Dieterich. 

'95.  (8)    Van  Ledden-Hulsebosch. 

'95.  (14;  Vanltallie. 

'96.  (1)    Prescott. 

'96.  (2)    Beckurts  and  Frerichs. 

'96.  (3)    Keller. 

"  '96.  (4)    Kippenberger. 

'97.  (6)    Farr  and  Wright. 

'98.  (1)     Wentzky. 


54 


ALKALOID AL  ESTIMATION. 


-GENERAL  PROCESSES,  VOLUMETRIC. 


'72.  (1)  Zinoffsky. 

'80.  (2)  Thresh. 

'86.  (1)  Hereth. 

'86.  (7)  Lyons. 

'87.  (1)  Plugge. 

'88.  (6)  Sn9w. 

'89.  (15)  Van  Itailie. 

'90.  (1)  Van  Itailie. 

'90.  (2)  Schweissinger  and  Sarnow. 

'90.  (4)  Christiansen. 

'92.  (2)  Allen. 

'92.  (3)  Allen. 

'92.  (4)  Partheil. 

'92.  (5)  Barthe. 

'92.  (13)  Traub. 

'93.  (7)  Keller. 

'93.  (17)  Caspari  and  Dohme. 

'93.  (20)  Vitali. 

'95.  (7)  Kebler  and  LaWall. 

'96.  (5;  Kippenberger. 


HYDRASTINE.     1886.  (4)    Lyons. 

'88.  (1)    Kremel. 

'93.  (15)  Thompson. 

'94.  (13)    Keller. 

"  '96.  (6)    Beckurts. 

'96.  (7)    Hegland. 
HYOSCYAMINE,  see  ATROPINE. 

IPECAC.    1885.    (12)  Lyons. 

'86.    (16)  H.W.Jones. 

'86.     Q7)  Fliickiger. 

'87.     (5)  Ransom. 

'87.     (6)  Snow. 

'87.    (33)  Lignon. 

'88.      (1)  Kremel. 

'89.    (10)  Blunt. 

'89.    (17)  Cripps  and  Withby. 

'90.    (11)  Dieterich. 

'90.     (13)  Blunt. 

'90.    (18)  Arndt. 

'92.    (10)  Bird. 


ALKALOIDAL  ESTIMATION. 

IPECAC.     1892.  (11)  Kottmayer. 

"          '92.  (12)  Keller. 

'92.  (17)  Beck. 

'93.  (2)  Keller. 

'93.  (3)  Keller. 

'93.  (5)  A.  Meyer. 

'95.  (5)  Cripps. 

'95.  (10)  Mendini. 

'96.  (22)  

"          '98.  (5)  British  Pharmacopeia. 


55. 


MORPHINE 

1877.     (4)    Teschemaciier. 

a 

'76.     (3)    Lynn. 

n 

'79.     (2)    Yvon. 

n 

'79.     (7)     Petit. 

tt 

'79.    (8)    Fleury. 

« 

'79.    (9)    Fluckiger. 

(4 

'79.  (11)    Prescott. 

« 

'80.     (9)    Mylius. 

(4 

'80.    (10)    E.  Schmitt. 

({ 

'80.    (11)    Eother. 

44 

'81.     (1)     Portes  and  Langlois. 

<( 

'81.   (10)    Mylius. 

14 

'82.     (1)     Squibb. 

14 

'83.     (7)     Scheibe. 

1C 

'84.     (1)    Conroy. 

(1 

'84.    (2)    Bernhardt. 

(4 

'84.     (3)     Von  Perger. 

14 

'85.   (15)    Lalien. 

(4 

'85.  (16)    Wainwright. 

«  ( 

'85.  (17)    Fluckiger. 

14 

'85.   (18)    Dieterich. 

44 

'85.   (21)    British  Pharmacopoeia. 

(4 

'86.   (14)    Braithwaite  and  Farr. 

(4 

'86.   (15)    Venturini. 

|| 

'86.    (18)    Wrampelmeier  and  Meinert. 

14 

'87.     (7)    Van  Zvvaluwenberg. 

« 

'87.     (8)    Stillwell. 

t< 

'87.     (9)    Beckurts. 

tl 

'87.  (10)    Bird. 

44 

'87.   (11)    Beckurts  and  Schraut, 

« 

'87.  (12)    Dietrich. 

56 


ALKALOIDAL  ESTIMATION. 


MORPHINE.  1887.  (13)  Plugge. 
'87.  (14)  Kremel. 
'87.  (15)  Schlickum. 

'87.  (16)    Adrian  and  Gallois. 

'87.   (17)    Goebel. 

'87.  (18)    C.D.Wiley. 

'87.  (19)    Squibb. 

'87.  (20)    Jandons. 

'87;  (21)    Biel. 

'88*.  (10)    Squibb. 

'88.  (11)    Teschemacher  and  Smith. 

'88.  (12)    Williams. 

'88.  (13)  Dietrich  and  Barthel. 

'89.    (1)    Dietrich. 

'89.    (4)    Holder-man. 

'89.     (5)    Fliickiger. 
"  *90.    (7)    Looff. 

'90.    (8)    Looff. 

'90.    (9)    Hinsdale. 

'90.   (10)    Dietrich. 

'90.   (11)   Dietrich. 

'90.  (12)  Claasen. 

'90.  (21)  U.  S.  Pharmacopoeia. 

'90.  (22)  Nagelvoort. 

'91.     (1)    Lambert. 

'93.  (11)    deWijs. 

'93.   (12)    Cannepin  and  Van  Eijk. 

'94.  (12)    Dott. 

'95.     (1)    Kebler. 

'95.  (13)    German  Pharmacopoeia 

'96    (12)  Looff. 

'96.  (21)    Dott. 

'97.    (7)    Fouquet. 

'97.    (8)    Montemartini  and  Trasciatti. 

'97.    (9)    Grandval  and  Lajoux. 

'98.    (7)    British  Pharmacopoeia. 

NARCOTINE.    1897.    (13)    Plugge. 
NICOTINE.    1881.     (3)     Skalweit. 

'82.     (9)     Skalweit. 

'82.    (10)    Kissling. 

'82.    (11)    Kissling. 


ALKALOID AL  ESTIMATION.  57 


NICOTINE.     1883.     (2)  Kissling. 

'85.  (5)  Scheffer. 

'88.  (8)  Biel. 

'89.  (8)  Popovici. 

'89.  (9)  Kissling. 

'91.  (7)  Pezzolato. 

'92.  (9)  Pinette. 

'93.  (13)  Heut. 

'93.  (14)  Vedrddi. 

'95.  (2)  Vedrodi. 

'95.  (3)  Kissling. 

'96.  (11)  Vedrodi. 

OPIUM  ALKALOIDS,  separation.     1887.    (13)    Plugge. 

PHYSOSTIGMINE.    1877.    (3)    Masing. 
'86.     (5)     Lyons. 
'87.    (34)  MacEwan. 

PlLOCARPINE.      1881.      (9)      Poahl. 

PIPERINE.    1877.     (2)     Cazeneuve  and  Caillol. 

'89.     (11)    Johnstone. 
POMEGRANATE  (cortex  granati).     1894.    (10)    Stoder. 

QUININE,  see  CINCHONA. 

STRYCHNINE.    1874.  (2)  Dragendorff. 

79.  (1)  Dwars. 

'83.  (4)  Conroy. 

'83.  (5)  Dunstan  and  Short. 

'*3.  (6)  Dunstan  and  Short. 

'85.  (13)  Lyons. 

'85.  (14)  Schweissinger. 

"  '85.  (20)  British  Pharmacopoeia. 

'86.  (6)  Lyons. 

'87.  (24)  Dieterich. 

'87.  (25)  Beckurts  and  Hoist. 

'87.  (26)  Beckurts  and  Hoist. 

'88.  (2)  Kremel. 

'89.  (2)  Beckurts. 

'89.  (6)  Gerock. 

'89.  (7)  Snow. 

'89.  (16)  Van  der  Mark. 


58 


ALKALOIDAL   ESTIMATION. 


STRYCHNINE.    1890.  (3)  Egeling. 

'90.  (4)  Keller. 

'90.  (5)  Beckurts. 

'90.  (20)  U.  S.  Pharmacopoeia. 

'93.      (4)  Keller. 

'94.  (11)  Cushman. 

'95.  (9)  Keller. 

'96.  (23)  C.  E.  Smith. 

'98.  (6)  British  Pharmacopoeia. 


THEBAINE,  see 

OPIUM. 

THEINE,  see  CAFFEINE. 

THEOBROMINE. 

1878. 

(4) 

Dragendorff. 

« 

'79. 

(4) 

Wolfram. 

a 

'90. 

(16) 

Suss. 

ti 

'93. 

(9) 

Suss. 

« 

'93. 

(10) 

Brunner  and 

Leins. 

II 

'94. 

(6) 

Kunze. 

(I 

'94. 

(7) 

Thiel. 

fl 

'94. 

(8) 

Brunner. 

« 

'94. 

(9) 

Hilger  and  Eminger. 

ti. 

'94. 

(14) 

Leins. 

it 

'96. 

(20) 

Eminger. 

n 

'97. 

(5) 

Maupy. 

VERATRINE.    1877.    (3)    Masing. 


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